Section A - Paris Anthology Flashcards
Dynamic Verbs
Physical action (running, walking, jumping)
Stative Verbs
Mental action (thinking, wondering, hoping)
Comparative Adjectives
Comparing noun to something else (more beautiful, faster)
Superlative Adjectives
Saying something is ‘most’ of it’s kind (most beautiful, fastest)
Adverb of Manner
Describes action/object (silently, incredibly, hurriedly)
Adverb of Time
Describes when action took place (yesterday, last week, in two days time)
Adverb of Place
Describes where object is (there, somewhere, by the table)
Sentence Adverbs
Adverbs that describe entire sentence (consequently, frankly, unfortunately)
Modal Verbs
Verbs indicating possibility of action (can, may, might, should, could, will)
Interjections
Exclamations that express emotion (“Hi!” “Bye!” “Sorry” “Excuse me”)
Ellipsis
Sentence omitting words (e.g; “Didn’t like it” instead of “I didn’t like it”) = conversational tone
Archaisms
Obsolete language (henceforth, whither, thou)
Colloquialisms
Informal expressions (quid, mate, bloke, lass)
Taboo Lexis
Swear words
Euphenisms
Language substituting non-offensive term (He passed away instead of he’s dead, Jim)
Neologism
New words
Noun Phrases
Phrase describing noun (the happy children, he was the man chosen for the job)
Conjunctions
Connectives (and, or, but, while, since, because)
Main Clause
Contains subject and verb (“I’m late”, “Here is my bag”)
Subordinate Clause
Before/after main clause - giving extra information
Determiners
Words before nouns
Definite Article
A, the
Numerical Determiners
Numbers
Prepositions
Determine nature between words (across, after, before, during, into, under, without)
Declarative Sentence
Statement - “The cat is on the radiator”
Imperative Sentence
Instruction - “Put the cat on the radiator”
Interrogative Sentence
Question - “Why is the cat on the radiator?”
Exclamatory Sentence
Lots of emotion - “Get the cat off the radiator!”
Minor Sentence
Sentence missing main verb “Not bad! Brilliant”
Simple Sentence
Sentence with one clause, a verb and a subject
“The bag is white”
Compound Sentence
Sentence with 2 main clauses (“The bag is white and it is very clean”)
Complex Sentence
Sentence with subordinate and main clause (It was hard to keep the bag clean, for it was white)
Active Sentence
Sentence focuses on object doing action (The dog picked up the bone)
Passive Sentence
Sentence focuses on object receiving action (The bone was picked up by the dog)
Plosive Alliteration
Alliteration of ‘p’,’b’,’t’,’k’ sounds
Fricative Alliteration
Alliteration of ‘f’,’v’ sounds
Sibilant Alliteration
Alliteration of ‘s’,’sh’ sounds
Assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds (blue moon)
Half Rhyme
Words starting with same sound (great/grit, cat/camera)
Elision
Pronounce a word/words omitting part of word (gonna, gotta, ‘ull)
Deixis
Words/phrases requiring context (this, there)
Anaphoric Reference
Pronoun referring to someone previously mentioned (e.g; replacing “The taxi driver” with “he”)
Cataphoric Reference
Pronoun referring to something yet to be mentioned - create tension (“Here he come… Jeremy Kyle)
Direct Speech
Quoting conversation (He said “don’t come unless you have the box”)
Indirect Speech
Paraphrasing conversation (He said you shouldn’t come without the box)
Parallelism
Repeating structure (I have a dream that… I have a dream in which)
Discourse marker
Now, but, on the other hand, of course, in any case
Hyperbole
Great exaggeration (“As old as the world”)
Oxymoron
Phrase containing opposites/contradictions (cold fire; organised chaos)
Personification
Giving an inanimate object human qualities
Zoomorphism
Giving a human animal-like qualities
