Section A - Optics Flashcards
what is Amplitude?
Maximum value of a wave
What is Frequency? Symbol?
The number of complete waves per second & symbol=f
What units is frequency in? and Symbol?
Hertz and Hz
What is velocity? and Symbol?
Speed in a given direction and symbol = v
What units is velocity in? and Symbol?
Meters per second = Ms-1
What is Wavelength? Symbol?
The distance between successive crests or troughs an symbol= |\
What units is Wavelength in? and Symbol?
Nano meters and nm or m-9
What is the equation to find out wavelength and symbol
V / f= W m-9
What is the equation to find out velocity and symbol
f x |\ = Velocity Ms-1
What is the equation to find out frequency
v / |\ = f Hz
What does the triangle look like for v, f and |\
V on top as lowest number
what is meant by a wave front?
a surface containing points affected in the same way by a wave at a given time.
What measurement does a wave travel in a vacuum
3 x 10(8) ms-1
What direction does light travel in?
left to right
About the electromagnetic Vibrations
they are transverse (90 degrees) to the direction of travel
What is the electro magnetic spectrum?
Radio, Micro, infrared, Visible, ultravoilet, x-rays, gamma, How to remember: Rich Men In Love Use Xtra Gel
How to remember the visible spectrum numbers
start from the top at 775 - goes down 150 25 25 75 50 50
What is the visible light pattern
red, orange, yellow, green, blue voilet
Longlitudal wave
Consists of compressions
can travel through any material
change in density throughout medium
e.g. sound waves
Transverse waves
Consitis of troughs and crest Cannot travel through gas vibrate in a right angle to the difrection of the wave no change in density throughout medium e.g. ripples of water surface
Vergence
describes the curvature of a wavefront in Dioptres (D)
Curvature of wavefront
distance from the source to the current position of the wavefront = 1/r (m) and 100/r (cm) etc
Distance between distance and displacement time
Distance time graph will only every increase it never drops
Huygens Construction theory
Ecer point of a wave front is a source to a secondary wavelet
Continous wave
goes on forever in same direction
wave pulse
like a heart beat, a single disturbance that passes through a medium
State 4 properties of a pinhole camera image
Image size can be predicted using similar triangles
inverted
free from distortion
image size can be increased when camera length is increased, however image is not as bright
What needs to be done when an aperture is present on a pinhole camera
draw 4 lines
What is an umbra
Umbra is well defined and full shadow
What is a penumbra
Partial shadow
What does it mean when it says state the nature of a shadow
Shape?
type of shadow?
Area of shadow?
Size of shadow?
What is the equation to work out position on umbra
x = Lxh / s-h
