Section A: Nutrition and Feed Flashcards
How much water will a 1,000 pound horse drink per day
6 - 12 gallons per day
In extremely cold weather, which will produce more body heat when eaten, hay or grain?
Hay produces more heat
What are the 2 basic classifications of forages?
Legumes & grasses
What is the most important factor affecting the quality of a forage at the time of harvesting?
Stage of maturity
What is the most common method used to process forages?
Baling
What is the oldest & most common method of selecting hay?
Visual appraisal
What is the most economical source of supplemental protein?
Soybean meal
What are the 2 most important dietary energy components in feeds?
Fats & carbohydrates
What is the most commonly cubed forage?
Alfalfa
What is the device used to collect samples for analysis in baled hay?
Bale probe or bale core
What is the deficient amino acid in hays & grains?
Lysine
Typically horses receive nutrients for what 3 general sources?
Hay, pastures & grains
Which feed is used extensively in diets for horses that have respiratory problems such as heaves?
Beet pulp
What is probably the simplest & least expensive dry method of processing grains?
Grinding
Which nutrients are usually considered to be the body’s fuel?
Energy nutrients (carbohydrates & fats)
Describe the color of a good quality hay.
Bright, leafy green
Where is most of the nutrient value found in hays?
Leaves
What is the most readily available grain in most sections of the country?
Corn
What type of hay is the best hay for horses?
Good quality grass-legume mixed hay
Which hays tend to be the least dusty?
Good grass hay
What are the 2 basic types of forages?
Grasses & legumes
Name the 2 minerals that the horse relies most heavily on for bone formation.
Calcium & phosphorus
Name the 2 basic classifications of forages.
Legumes & grasses
Name 2 ways that barley & milo should be processed before using them in a horse feed.
Crimped or rolled (milo can also be ground)
Pelleting hay can reduce the storage space requirements by how much?
Up to 75%
How much more digestible energy is contained in grains than in hays?
Grains have 50 - 60% more
Which nutrient plays an important role in physiology of performance horses & is essential for fluid
balance, nerve & muscle functions & acid-base balance?
Minerals
Lysine is a type of what nutrient?
Protein (amino acid)
Name 2 disadvantages of feeding straight oats for grain.
Cost per unit of energy & variations in quality
Which feed by-product is made by drying the residual beet chips after the sugar has been extracted?
Beet pulp
If you put extruded & pelleted feed each in a separate container of equal volume, which would weigh
more?
Pelleted feeds may weigh twice as much as extruded feeds
In feeding management, what is the wicking effect?
Uptake of ground moisture into a bale of hay
What nutrients are harder for an older horse to digest?
Proteins, phosphorus, fiber
What are 5 forms of harvested forages?
Square bales, round bales, hay cubes, chopped hay, pelleted hay & silage
How can the likelihood of blister beetle poisoning be reduced when feeding alfalfa hay from the
southwest?
Feed early season first cutting alfalfa
How many mineral elements are required in diets of horses?
21
What percent of protein should be in a suckling foal’s creep feed?
16 - 18% protein
How much concentrate can be fed at one time?
Never more than 0.75% of the horse’s body weight
What is quidding?
Dropping partially chewed feed from the mouth
Which nutrient is commonly involved as co-factors for the enzymes that convert fat & carbohydrates
into energy?
Vitamins
Feral & other free-ranging horses will spend how long grazing per day in good forage?
10 - 12 hours
What is the form of stored fuel for exercise of high intensity & short duration?
Glycogen
What is the primary site for digestion & absorption of fats?
Small intestines
What is the average weight of a small bale of hay?
40 - 80 pounds
What is the maximum amount of concentrates that should be fed at any one feeding?
No more than .75% of horse’s body weight
How many different minerals are required in the diet of horses & what are the 2 classifications of
them?
21 different minerals classified as micro & macro (major) minerals
What class of nutrients do thiamine, riboflavin & folic acid belong to?
Vitamins
Which nutrient is an important structural component for muscle tissue, growth & tissue maintenance?
Proteins
What is the term for the units of measure that describes the amount of energy needed by a horse & is
equal to 1,000 calories?
Megacalories
There are considerable differences in density among horse feeds. Therefore, feeding measurements
should not be by volume but by what method?
Feed by weight
What does TDN stand for
Total Digestible Nutrients
Name the fat soluble vitamins?
A,D,E,K
