Section A Flashcards
Descriptivism?
Describing how language is actually used with the view that language changes over time
Prescriptivism?
The view that there is a wrong and right way to use language by attempting to provide language rules.
Standardisation?
Standardisation is the idea that a standard form of language is superior to others.
Identity?
A set of resources that people use to present and express themselves to others
Static identity?
Relatively stable features of identity
Fluid identity?
Dynamic features of identity that change over time
What are the three types of self domains?
The actual self
The ideal self
The ought self
The actual self?
The attributes that an individual actually posesses
The ideal self?
Attributes that an individual would like to possess
The ought self?
The attributes that an individual believes they should posess.
Looking glass theory? (Cooley)
1- Your imagination of your appearnace
2-Your imagination of other peoples judgement
3- Self judgement
Social identity theory? (Taffel, 1979)
Individuals have not one but many selves. (personal self). Group memberships create an inside identity at the expense of out groups.
Un-advertising?
Avoiding the use of classical advertising features, such as ads between breaks.
Hyper-advertising?
Advertising in new ways so that the audience don’t feel as if they are being advertised too because they are ‘too clever’.
Stance?
The position that that people will take in relation to what’s being said, themselves and other people or objects.
Stance taker?
The individual who is expressing the stance
Stance object?
The topic that is being discussed.
Stance resources?
The resources that are being drawn upon within the topic.
Stance addressee?
The reader or hearer that is in stance situation.
Acronym?
Clipping words and then using the initial letters to create a new individual word.
Consonant writing?
Using consonants in isolation by omitting vowels.
Social reading?
Reading whilst connected with other people.
Collective intelligence?
The intelligence that comes from individuals collaborating and competing.
Sequential writing?
One person will work on a document and then pass it on to the next person to work on.
Parellel writing?
Documents are divided into different sections and writers will work on the different sections at the same time, in parallel.
Reciprocal writing?
The whole document is shared between all members/writers simultaneously.
Wiki?
Wiki is a web application that Is used as a discussion medium where people can share and edit content.
Wiki design principles? (4)
Four of wiki’s design principles are
- Openness and trust
- Incremental
- Observable
- Organic
Pictograms
Signs that have some resemblance with the meanings that they represent
Logograms
Signs that are congenitally associated with certain meanings but don’t actually have any iconic relationship.
Rebus writing?
Rebus writing is when numbers, letters and pictograms are used to represent a word, based on sounds.
Phonetic spelling?
Signs that represent the sound of word. This will often represent accents and regional areas.
Aesthetic writing?
Changing the form and arrangement of letters for visual effect.
Transletteration?
Replacing characters or letters on the basis of how they look.
Crowdsourcing?
When companies/institutions take a function that was once performed by employees and outsource it to a large network
Gamification?
An incentive mechanism where contributors ‘earn’ something from investing work. However they ‘earn’ points meaning that it can’t be spent like money.
