Section 9: Planning for Executives Flashcards
What are some advantages and disadvantages of a variable prepaid forward contract?
This is a solution to diversifying a concentrated stock position
Advantages:
-Substantial liquidity up front
- no tax event until maturity of the contract
-provides floor for stock price
-investor retains ownership, dividends (NOT at qualified rate), and voting rights
-can reinvest proceeds immiediately into a diversified portfolio
Disadvantages:
-ceiling on upside exposure; investor does not participate in any appreciation of the stock above the cap
-Self financing; no separate loan vehicle required
-Premium for liquidity can be high
What is a disqualifying disposition of ISO’s?
Gift to another person
Using these shares to exercise other stock options
Transfer shares into irrevocable trust
What is rule 16-b?
“short term swings profit rule”
Prohibits senior officers, directors, or beneficial owners of greater then 10% from profiting from purchase of company shares with any period less then 6 months
What is a variable prepaid forward contract?
Regarding concentrated stock positions
Objectives/Strategy
-Monetizes concentrated position without selling the shares upfront
-Diversifies a large, appreciated equity position while deferring taxation
-Variable contract to sell a specific value of a security in the future i.e. the number of shares to be delivered will depend on the stock’s value at the time of delivery)
-Retains appreciation up to an upper limit (cap) as defined by client
-Protects against depreciation in stock below a lower limit (floor price)
What are the potential Charitable giving options?
Overview of Flow through exchange fund
Restricted Stock Sale Considerations
ISO Taxation
Taxation is deferred until the stock is sold- at that point taxed at LTCG at difference between sale price and exercise price
*AMT possible at year of exercize
What is a phantom stock plan?
Incentive to align company and EE- does not dilute the stock, no stock is part of this plan, but provided upside of stock appreciation
“appreciation only” and “full value” options
How is restricted stock taxed?
OI on the year it vests, however 83b election can be made at time granted to calculate the OI tax
How are dividends treated on restricted stock?
Dividends may be collected, even if shares are not vested- taxed at OI, once vested EE will owe CG taxes- same goes for sale of stock after on year from vesting
RSA’s vs RSU’s
RSAs- actual shares issued to someone but have restrictions on when they can sell (can earn dividends and have voting rights)
RSUs- basically promises of shares at a future date if they meet certain requirements e.g. tenure, performance
RSU’s
Taxed @
Grant
Vesting
Sale
Grant: None
Vesting- OI on current share value
Sale- LTCG held over one year otherwise OI
RSA’s
Taxed @
Grant
Vesting
Sale
Grant- if 83b OI on FMV otherwise none
Vesting- if 83b elected: none or OI on FMV upon vesting
Sale- LTCG if sold after one year, less then one year is OI
ISO’s
Taxed @
Grant
Vesting
Exercise
Sale
Grant- none
Vesting- none
Exercise- AMT on bargain element, no OI, CG, or employment tax
Sale- LTCG if held one year past exercise and two years past grant date, otherwise OI on disqualified sale
NQSO
Tax @
Grant
Vesting
Exercise
Sale
Grant: none
vesting: none
exercise: OI on bargain element, employment taxes as well
Sale: LTCG if held one year past sale- otherwise OI
What is an exchange traded fund?
Exchange funds that allow qualified investors to pool shares into a partnership, with each investor receiving a pro- rata share of the fund. There is no immediate tax liability. The downside is they have limited liquidity due to the lock-up period of seven years.
What is a prepaid variable forward?
Prepaid variable forward in which shares are sold at a future date in exchange for cash advance at the present date. This method provides immediate liquidity from the cash advance and deferral of capital gains.
What is an equity collar?
Equity collars which involves a purchase of long-date put option combined with the sale of long-dated call option. The collar should leave enough room for potential gains/losses so as not be in violation of the IRS constructive sale rule, section 1259
How does a prepaid variable forward contract work?
NQSO’s are not subject to:
vesting, disclosure, funding, and coverage
What is rule 144?
The # of shares sold in any 3 month period is limited to 1% of outstanding shares and average weekly volume during previous 4 weeks
*unregistered shares must be held a minimum of 12 months
Rule 144 shares must be held at a minimum of _____ months before they are publicly sold.
12 months
What is Rule 10b-5(1)?
Allows a client to execute programmed sales when otherwise not allowed-
It must include: # shares to be sold, date to sell, prices at which shares will be sold