Section 7: The Business Of IT

Question 1

IT functions cover five different domains

Answer 1

1. Communication
2. Data collection and management
3. Information security management
4. Consumer relationship management
5. Process improvement

Question 2

IT governance

Answer 2

The system of processes that ensures the effective use of IT to enable an organization to achieve business goals

Question 3

Project management lifecycle model

Answer 3

Initiation –> Planning –> Execution –> Project Closure

Question 4

Steps for mitigating project risks

Answer 4

1. Identify risks
2. Analyze their impact on project outcome
3. Prioritize risks by severity and likelihood
4. Outline of mitigation strategy
5. Install monitoring systems for anticipated and unanticipated risks

Question 5

System development life cycle

Answer 5

Requirements analysis –> Design –> Implementation –> Testing

Development –> Use –> Maintenance

Question 6

Pareto principle

Answer 6

The theory that 80% of errors come from 20% of the system, so most errors can be identified by testing carefully selected groups of samples

Question 7

Glass box/ white box testing

Answer 7

Has developers test internal software structures

Question 8

Black box testing

Answer 8

Focuses on the user experience (UX). Includes alpha beta and user acceptance testing

Question 9

Waterfall model

Answer 9

An early sequential approach to development. Each step needs to be finished before moving on to the next step.

Question 10

Incremental model

Answer 10

System is constructed in increments with more features added with each increment; operational after the first increment

Question 11

Scrum steps

Answer 11

1. System owner creates a prioritized wishlist
2. Scrum team selects items near the top and plans the implementation, called a “sprint”
3. Team completes list of objectives while assessing progress in daily meetings called scrums
4. The sprint ends with the system ready to be released
5. A new sprint starts using another item on the list
6. Process continues until the wish list is clear

Question 12

Extreme programming

Answer 12

Systems are developed by a team of less than 12 people working in a communal workplace

Question 13

Uptime

Answer 13

Amount of time client data and resources are available on the servers

Question 14

Availability is measured in…

Answer 14

The number of nines in a percentage
For example, 99.999% equals five 9s which equals less than 3 seconds of downtime per week

Question 15

Hot storage

Answer 15

Allows organizations the quickest access to restore critical data in the event of a disaster; expensive

Question 16

Cold storage

Answer 16

Offers less frequent access and involves minimal equipment; less expensive

Question 17

Internet of things (IoT)

Answer 17

The growing system of interconnected devices, such as smart home devices and wearable tech

Question 18

Globalization

Answer 18

The growing interdependence of the world’s economies and cultures
Technology accelerates globalization but globalization also accelerates developing technology