Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE Physics > Section 7: Matter > Flashcards

Section 7: Matter Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards AP® Physics flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards
1
Q

What is density?

A

Mass per unit volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are properties of solids?

A

Regular, fixed particle arrangement
Strong forces between particles
Very small distance between particles
Particles vibrate only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are properties of liquid?

A

Irregular particle arrangement
Weak forces between particles
Small distance between particles
Particles move slowly (slide past each other)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are properties of gases?

A

Irregular particle arrangement
Very weak forces between particles
Large distance between particles
Particles moves fast & collide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the process that turns a solid to a liquid?

A

Melting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the process that turns a solid to a gas?

A

Sublimation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the process that turns a liquid to a solid?

A

Freezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the process that turns a liquid to a gas?

A

Boiling or evaporating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the process that turns a gas to a liquid?

A

Condensing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a physical change?

A

Same substance but in a different form. If you reverse the change, the substance goes back to how it was before.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

New substance created

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can heating do to substances? Why?

A
  1. Increase temperature - energy transferred to kinetic energy store of substance particle
  2. Change the state - energy used to break bonds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is specific latent heat?

A

The amount of energy needed to change 1kg of a substance from one state to another, without changing its temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How to convert between kelvin and Celsius?

A

Do Celsius +273 to get to Kelvin
Do Kelvin -273 to get to Celsius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is absolute zero?

A

The temperature at which particles have as little energy as possible in their kinetic energy stores - they’re almost still
The coldest possible temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is gas pressure?

A

When gas particles collide with a surface, exerting a force and thus a pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens to gases that are at a constant volume when temperature increases?

A
  1. Temperature increases
  2. Particles get faster and collide with the container with more force and more often
  3. This increases pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can pressure changes cause volume changes?

A

If, for a gas inside a container that can change size:
Pressure outside > pressure inside —> gas is compressed
Pressure outside < pressure inside —> gas expands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What happens to pressure when volume increases but temperature doesn’t change?

A
  1. Volume increases
  2. Particles spread out and collide with the container less often
  3. Pressure decreases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How is work done on gases? What happens as a result?

A
  1. Force is applied to gas, work is done as energy is transferred
  2. Doing work on the gas increases the energy in gas particles’ kinetic energy stores
  3. Temperature of an enclosed gas increases
22
Q

What has to happen for an object to change shape?

A

More than one force has to act on it

23
Q

What are the two types of distortion?

A
  1. Elastic
  2. Inelastic
24
Q

What is elastic distortion?

A

An object that can go back to its original shape and length after forces have been removed

25
Q

What is inelastic distortion?

A

An object that doesn’t go back to its original shape and length after forces have been removed

26
Q

How can elastic objects be distorted?

A

Electronically
E.g. a spring

27
Q

What type of relationship is there between the extension of a stretched spring and the load or force applied?

A

There is a linear relationship until it reaches the limit of proportionality, then…
The force gets too big so the relationship between force and extension is now non linear

28
Q

What happens to pressure as the area of surface gets smaller?

A

Smaller area means larger pressure

29
Q

What happens to pressure as the area of surface gets larger?

A

Larger area means a smaller pressure

30
Q

What does pressure of a fluid (liquid or gas) mean?

A

A force is exerted normal to any surface in contact with the fluid

31
Q

What happens to pressure as a liquid gets less dense?

A

Lower density means lower pressure

32
Q

What happens to pressure as a liquid gets more dense?

A

Higher density means a higher pressure

33
Q

What happens to pressure as depth of a liquid increases?

A

The deeper the liquid, the higher the pressure
The shallower the liquid, the lower the pressure

34
Q

What is upthrust?

A

The resultant force acting upwards on an object submerged in liquid, due to the pressure of the liquid being greater at the bottom of the object than at the top

35
Q

What happens when the upthrust is equal to the weight of an object that’s in a liquid?

A

The object is less dense than the liquid its in, so will float

36
Q

What happens when the upthrust is less than the weight of an object that’s in a liquid?

A

The object is denser than the liquid so the object sinks

37
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

A thin layer of air that surrounds the earth

38
Q

How is atmospheric pressure created?

A

It’s created in a surface by air molecules that collide with the surface

39
Q

What happens to the atmosphere and pressure when the height of an object increases on Earth?

A

Atmosphere gets less dense as height increases and atmospheric pressure is low

40
Q

What happens to the atmosphere and pressure when the height of an object decreases on Earth?

A

Atmosphere gets more dense as height decreases and atmospheric pressure is high

41
Q

DENSITY IN SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS CORE PRACTICAL: How can density of a regular solid be found?

A
  1. Use a mass balance to find the objects mass
  2. Measure the object and calculate the volume using the relevant formula for the shape
  3. Use density = mass/volume
42
Q

DENSITY IN SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS CORE PRACTICAL: How can density of an irregular solid be found?

A
  1. Use a mass balance to find the mass of the object
  2. Find the volume of the object:
    Mass of displaced water = mass of object + mass of density bottle - (mass of object + mass of density bottle after it’s been put in)
    Volume of displaced water = mass of displaced water/density of water
    Volume of the object = volume of displaced water
  3. Use density = mass/volume
43
Q

DENSITY IN SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS CORE PRACTICAL: How can density of a liquid be found?

A
  1. Pour 10ml of liquid into a measuring cylinder on a mass balance that’s set to 0
  2. Record the mass shown on the balance and the total volume shown on the cylinder
  3. Use density = mass/volume
44
Q

SPRINGS CORE PRACTICAL: How can the relationship between force and extension be found?

A
  1. Set up a clamp stand with a spring and markers attached to it
  2. Attach masses on the end of the springs
  3. Measure the natural length of the spring using a fixed ruler
  4. Add masses to the spring - causes the spring to extend
  5. Calculate the force of masses (weight) = total mass on spring x gravitational field strength
  6. Calculate the extension = new length - natural length
  7. Add another mass and repeat steps 4-6, plot a graph when you have at least 6 pairs of readings
45
Q

SPRINGS CORE PRACTICAL: What will the area under the graph that has the results plotted represent?

A

Work done by gravitational force

46
Q

SPRINGS CORE PRACTICAL: What is the independent and dependent variable in the experiment?

A

Independent: force applied to spring (masses)
Dependent: extension

47
Q

SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY CORE PRACTICAL: How can the specific heat capacity of water be found?

A
  1. Fill a thermally insulated container (to reduce unwanted energy transfers to surroundings) with a known mass of water and place into the cup a heater that’s connected to joulemeter and a power supply
  2. Measure the temperature of the water using a thermometer and turn on the power of the power supply
  3. When the temperature has increased by 10°C turn off the power and record energy from joulemeter and the final temperature
  4. Use specific heat capacity = energy supplied/(mass of water x temperature change)
48
Q

MELTING ICE CORE PRACTICAL: How can the melting of ice be investigated?

A
  1. Get a beaker with crushed ice and a thermometer inside and put it on a stand
  2. Record the temperature of the ice at the beginning of the experiment
  3. Get a Bunsen burner and gradually heat the beaker
  4. Record the temperature of the ice every 15 seconds
  5. Repeat steps 3-4 until the water has boiled
  6. Use the results to plot temperature against time and show the boiling point and melting point of the water
49
Q

MELTING ICE CORE PRACTICAL: What does a straight horizontal line on a temperature-time graph?

A

The ice is changing state e.g. melting or boiling

50
Q

MELTING ICE CORE PRACTICAL: What does a straight diagonal line on a temperature-time graph?

A

The state the ice is currently in e.g. in the form of ice and then water and then steam

51
Q

What is Hooke’s law?

A

force = spring constant × extension

52
Q

What has to happen for the temperature of a gas inside a tyre to change?

A
  1. Work is done by a force pushing gas particles which transfers kinetic energy
  2. Average kinetic energy rises
  3. Since temperature is related to average kinetic energy, more kinetic energy means temperature increases

GCSE Physics (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions