section 7 Flashcards
What are internal controls?
policies and procedures implemented by a business that are designed to safeguard assets and ensure accurate accounting records
What are some of the key internal controls associated with safeguarding a business’ cash?
- separation of duties
- proper authorization for transactions
- adequate documentation and records
- independent checks on performance
T/F operating income or loss is equal to net sales revenues less COGS and operating expenses
true
T/F Employer payroll tax expense is equal to the amount of tax withholdings from employees’ payroll checks plus any additional employer payroll taxes
false
t/f state sales taxes collected from customers should be accounted for as revenue
false
internal controls are policies and procedures designed to
safeguard a company’s assets
and
ensure the accuracy of its accounting records
the implementation of internal controls for a business is the responsibility of
the company’s management
t/f in anticipation of cuts in tax rates under the new Bush administration, many taxpayers tried to defer taxable income from the year 2000 to the year 2001 to lower their tax obligations to the federal government
true
t/f a tax loophole is an illegal attempt to evade taxes
false
t/f corporate taxes are ultimately born by either consumers through higher product prices, or shareholders through lower investment earnings
true
T/F a traditional IRA is a personal retirement account to which an individual makes contributions that may be tax-deductible and any earnings on those contributed funds grow tax-free until withdrawn
true
t/f Certified Fraud Examiners are agents of the federal government charged with the responsibility of detecting fraud in publicly held companies filing with the SEC
false
t/f according to the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners, well educated, older men in executive-ownership positions are the most significant perpetrators of business fraud in terms of actual dollars lost
true
t/f if a CPA performing a financial statement audit discovers a fraud perpetrated by senior management, they are required by law to inform federal law enforcement authorities
false
The fraud triangle is comprised of
- perceived pressure (money)
- perceived opportunity
- rationalization (explanations to justify fraudulent behavior)
The primary forms of fraud in business are
corruption
misappropriation of assets
financial statement fraud
4 Key internal controls in safeguarding cash
- separation of duties
- authorization procedures
- documentation and records
- independent checks on performance (bank reconciliation)
3 basic tax planning strategies legally available to taxpayers
shift income (or deductions) from one time period to another
shifting income from one pocket to another
relocation to Bermuda
family business
character change of income
capital gains
ordinary income
t/f payment of a tax deductible expense can actually produce a net cash increase to the taxpayer on an after tax basis
false, there is no way for a payment of a deductible expense to result in a net positive cash flow
t/f in order for a CPA to legitimately recommend an aggressive tax reporting position to a taxpayer, the position must have 100% certainty of success if brought before a court
false, for a tax professional to legitimately recommend an aggressive reporting position (ie taxable income reducing) to a taxpayer, the position must have a “realistic possibility “ or 1 in 3 chance of success in court.
Net Sales Revenues =
Sales Revenues — Sales Discounts and Sales Returns & Allowances
Gross Margin =
Net Sales Revenues — COGS
Operating Income =
Gross Margin — Operating Expenses
the cost of employee salaries and wages is what kind of expense?
operating expense
what are the 2 kinds of payroll taxes?
employee payroll tax withholding
employer’s payroll taxes
journal entries for payroll taxes include debits to
wage expense & payroll tax expense
What is operating income (loss)?
net sales revenues — (COGS + operating expenses)
