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igcse ict > Section 6 - ICT applications > Flashcards

Section 6 - ICT applications Flashcards

1
Q

Paper based communications

A

Hard copy output - (e.g.newspapers, leaflets, posters, business cards, etc.)

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2
Q

Digital communications

A

Screen based (e.g. websites, forums, slideshows, multimedia presentations, sound, etc.)

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3
Q

Newsletter

A 
Paper based 
Simple 
Cheap 
Easy to acquire 
Available daily
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4
Q

Website

A

Digital-based

Can be easily access as long as there’s Internet connection

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5
Q

Multimedia presentations

A

Presentations using animation, video, sound + music

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6
Q

Cartoons

A

Digital-based

Eye catching

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7
Q

Flyers and posters

A

Paper-based

Often A4 size (smaller if flyer) or bigger

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8
Q

What is data handling?

A

where data is input and stored on a computer.

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9
Q

Describe the process of data handling

A

data input into the computer -> computer proceses the data and turns it into useful info -> useful information is output

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10
Q

Survey results

an investigation of the opinions of a group

A

Often paper-based

Computer handles data survey

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11
Q

Address lists

list of contacts

A 
Stored electronically 
Often contains (names, addresses, tel number, etc. )
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12
Q

School reports

details performance levels

A

Stored in a database

Printed

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13
Q

Clubs and society records (records that store info)

A

Using databases

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14
Q

School libraries

A

Using databases

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15
Q

What are sensors?

A

detect changes in the environment to gather measurable data

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16
Q

Examples of measurement application

A

Scientific experiments — Data logging can be setup to automatically monitor and record data generated by scientific experiments e.g. human genome experiment
Environmental measuring — where data is collected to be used for purposes such as weather forecasting, water quality in rivers and streams, levels of air pollution
Weather stations contain lots of sensors (e.g. thermometer, humidity sensor), that feed data into computer and then analysed
Electronic timings — Computerised data logging can be used to accurately measure time)

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17
Q

Describe the process of sensors logging data

A
  • Sensors automatically detect + measure physical quantities (e.g. rainfall)
  • Data logging is measuring the physical item at predefined times
  • Sensors are connected computer
  • Sensor data must be converted to digital
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18
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of sensors

A

ads:
Work longer - Can log data 24/7
Reliable - will not make mistakes
Frequency of readings - Read data frequently, hundreds of times per second
Safer - Can operate in hostile to human environments
Automatic readings - no need for humans
Accuracy - Can analyze data and output

disads:
Might be expensive

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19
Q

What are the two types of data?

A

Analogue

Digital

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20
Q

Analogue data

A

data that use values which change very smoothly

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21
Q

Digital data

A

data that jumps from one value to the next in a step by step sequence

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22
Q

What are the two types of converters?

A
  1. Analogue to Digital Converter (ADC)

2. Digital to Analogue Converter (DAC)

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23
Q

What is a ‘microprocessor’?

A

A silicon chip that contains a CPU (To be found in most electronic devices today)

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24
Q

Smart appliances

A
  • Keeps track of food and expiry date by either RFID, barcodes or manual data entry
  • Sends alert to computer or displays on door (fridge)
  • Reads the barcode and sets temperature and time according to encoded barcode (oven)
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25
Q

Heating / aircon systems

A

• Has preset range of temperatures and adjusts according to the temperature being input via sensors

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26
Q

Burglary systems

A

• Has vibration sensors, pressure sensor, motion detectors - send signal to control panel => Alarm activated

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27
Q

Glasshouse

A
  • Use of sensors (light, heat, humidity)
  • Input to control
  • Control adjusts actuator
  • Switches bulb/fan/window on or off
28
Q

Washing machines

A

• Control water temperature, valves to let water in, valves to let water out

29
Q

What are turtle graphics (LOGO)?

A

system designed to teach students the basics of computer programming and control

30
Q

What are modelling applications?

A

computer programs that attempt to “stimulate” activities that happen physically (designed to behave like real life system)

31
Q

The features of a spreadsheet-based model

A

allow a range of input variables to be set
use formulae to define rules for model
produce output based on input variables + rules

32
Q

Characteristics of robots in controlled applications

A

Robotic arms
Strong
Joints powered by motors
Various tool attachments at the end of the arm
Controlled by microprocessors (which give instructions)

33
Q

What can robots do?

A 
Perform repetitive tasks 
Perform dangerous tasks (which physically harm humans) 
Work 24/7 
Perform delicate tasks (humans make mistakes) 
Wielding cars in factories 
Pain spray cars 
Lift heavy items 
Make microchips
34
Q

Advantages of robots

A 
Work non-stop 
Handle repetitive tasks
Work in dangerous environments 
Work faster than humans 
Do not have to be paid wages
35
Q

Disadvantages of robots

A

Initial cost is expensive
Replace humans in jobs (unemployment)
Cannot make decisions
Can break down

36
Q

What are school management systems?

A

a system that manages all of a school’s data in a single, integrated application (like SIMS)

37
Q

What do school management systems record?

A 
Pupil information 
Staff information 
Timetable 
Pupil behaviour 
Administration data 
Financial records 
Exam entries
38
Q

How do school management systems register students?

A
  1. Electronic registration
  2. MIS software is on teachers computer (SIMS)
  3. Teacher inputs attendance (data)
  4. Administration run report - absence names
39
Q

How do school management systems record learner performance?

A

Spreadsheet
Database
Specialist software (MIS)

40
Q

How do school management systems record exams/timetables?

A

Spreadsheets

Using specialist software

41
Q

What are the uses of booking systems?

A 
Air travel
Holiday accommodation
Theatre
Cinema
Real time processing
42
Q

What is a real-time system?

A

where every input is processed immediately => the resulting output is ready before the next input is processed. (Double booking is avoided)

43
Q

Describe the process of booking airline ticket

A
  1. Choice of available flights/tickets presented on screen (Time, Date, Destination)
  2. Choose seat
  3. Secure payment page
  4. Receive Reservation Number (Print ticket, QR code to mobile, Email confirmation)
44
Q

Advantages of booking systems

A 
No double booking
Immediate feedback on availability
24/7 system
Immediate confirmation
Tied into other online apps
45
Q

Disadvantages of booking systems

A

Expensive to create
Training for staff if over phone
Breakdown issues
Website needs to be well designed

46
Q

What does ATM stand for?

A

Automatic Teller Machine

47
Q

What are ATMs used for?

A 
withdrawing cash 
depositing money 
checking the balance of accounts 
transferring money between accounts
paying bills
48
Q

Describe the process of withdrawing cash from an ATM

A
  1. The card is inserted into the ATM where it is read by a magnetic strip reader or a smart card reader
  2. Insert card
  3. Type PIN (Personal Identification Number)
  4. Choose transaction
  5. Follow instructions
  6. Take cash/Take statement/ Deposit cash
  7. Take card
49
Q

Describe the process of cheques clearing

A
  1. Each cheque is passed through an MICR Reader that can read special numbers
  2. Ink numbers are read
  3. Handwritten part (payee + value of payment) read by OCR or input manually
    (Magnetic Ink Character Recognition)
50
Q

Describe card processing

A
  1. Card is read by card reader
  2. Enter PIN number
  3. Request for authorisation to pay sent to bank
  4. Bank sends back yes or no
  5. If yes - amount is debited (deducted) from your bank account and put into shops/sellers bank account
51
Q

Describe the process of phone banking

A
  1. Enter account number
  2. Type PIN
  3. Hear various options
  4. Choose options
    - to hear balance
    - to pay bill
    - to transfer money
52
Q

Describe the process of Internet banking

A
  1. Logon to secure website
  2. Type username and PIN
    All standard services
    Apply for loans
53
Q

Advantages of Internet banking

A 
More convenient (24/7)
No travel required
 Can download data
54
Q

Disadvantages of Internet banking

A

Need computer and connection
More vulnerable to hacking
Some people prefer to speak in person

55
Q

What is ‘EFT’?

A

System that allows money to be transferred digitally from one bank account to another bank account (e.g. when businesses pay their employees salary)

56
Q

What is ‘EFTPOS’?

A

Electronic Fund Transfer at Point-of-sale (when customers pay for goods electronically)

57
Q

What do patient records include?

A

central databases (share data between hospitals/doctors/pharmacies)
instantly updated with latest information
order drugs from pharmacy
retrieve patient records — which contain:
patient ID
personal details
allergies
medical history
current treatment/ medication/ diagnosis
can use tablets/ monitors in patient

58
Q

Patient monitoring

A 
computerized monitoring - 27/4
sensor — attached to body
- pulse rate
- temperature
- breathing rate
- blood pressure
data fed to computer which processes
all data logged for later analysis
inputs compared against pre-set ranges (outside range alarms switched on)
data can be seen on central monitor
59
Q

Diagnosis - expert systems

A

computer is “expert”
nurse/doctor inputs symptoms
output is possible diagnoses and treatments

60
Q

How can 3D printers be used in producing medical aids through?

A 
– surgical and diagnostic aids 
– prosthetics and medical products
– tissue engineering 
– artificial blood vessels 
– designs of medical tools and equipment
61
Q

Why are computers used in libraries?

A

-> to keep records of books and borrowers.
Every published book has an ISBN (International Standard Book Number)
Libraries usually use direct data entry methods (faster, easier) e.g. barcode reader

62
Q

What are the three types of database in a library?

A 
1. Book database
Book database may contain:
- Book ID 
- Book details 
- ISBN 
2. Borrower database
Borrowers usually given library cards (most have barcode for ease + speed) 
A borrower database might contain:
- Borrower ID
- Personal details 
- Contact details
3. Loans database
has records added to it when book borrowed
links records from books database and borrower database
Loans database would contain 
- Book ID 
- Borrower ID 
- Date of loan 
- Due Date
Loans database regularly checked for loans that are late 
When late record found, Borrower ID used to link to borrower's record 
Borrower is sent automatic reminder
63
Q

What are ‘expert systems’?

A

special databases which are designed to mimic the knowledge of a human expert

64
Q

Where are the components of expert systems?

A
  1. Knowledge base: set of rules and facts
    - provided by human experts
  2. User interface
    - simple to use for non expert
    - able to ask questions and get advice
  3. Inference Engine
    - searches knowledge base for answers to questions
65
Q

Where are expert systems used?

A
  • Medical Diagnosis
  • Geologists
  • > discovering oil, water, minerals
  • car mechanical faults
  • strategy games
  • > chess
  • financial advice
  • biological identification
  • > e.g. what leaf is this
66
Q

Describe the process of expert systems

A
  1. User interface presents user w/ set of questions relating to problems
  2. User answers questions
  3. Inference data uses rules base to match user’s answers to knowledge base
  4. System diagnoses + treatments
67
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of expert systems

A 
ads:
Fewer mistakes 
More knowledge (combines knowledge of many) 
Cheaper 
More consistent answer

disads:
Cannot make judgments
Errors in the rule base can lead to incorrect decisions
Require lots of training

igcse ict (10 decks)

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