Section 6&7

Question 1

Diabetes

Answer 1

Type 1 - caused by genetics and a lack of insulin due to the pancreas not working properly or doesn’t produce any- people need to limit intake of carbohydrates and take regular excercise

Type 2- lifestyle - when a person becomes resistant or doesn’t produce enough - increased chance of developing when obese
Bmi=weight ÷ height^2
Waist:hip

Question 2

Photosynthesis

Answer 2

During photosynthesis plants make glucose using suns energy

Happens inside chloroplast which contain chlorophyll which absorb light

It’s an endothermic reaction

Carbon dioxide+water->glucose+oxygen (light and chlorophyll)
You can investigate the effect of light intensity on rate of photosynthesis

Question 3

Limiting factors

Answer 3

Light intensity 
Carbon dioxide 
concentration 
Temp-if too hot,enzyme denatures
As \_\_\_ increases it reaches a point where photosynthesis no longer increases. It’s no longer a limiting factor

Question 4

Transport in plants

Answer 4

Transpiration -Enters through roots
Moves for cell to cell through osmosis
Travels up stem by xylem
Water lost through stomata
Conditions that inrease this high temp windy- caused by evaporation and diffusion of water from plants surface

Translocation- Glucose produced in chloroplast
Dissolves to form sucrose
Sucrose transported and used for energy transported in phloem
Sucrose can be packaged and used as starch

Question 5

Stomata and transpiration

Answer 5

Stomata needed for gas exchange

Transpiration rate is affected by environmental factors- light intensity (the brighter the the higher rate) temp, air flow

Guard cells- Open- gain water through osmosis and become turgid allowing co2 to enter
Close-loose water through osmosis causing them to close reducing water loss on hot windy days
Control- transpiration and photosynthesis

Question 6

Hormones

Answer 6

They are chemical messengers sent in the blood - produced in endocrine glands

Question 7

Hormones and neurones

Answer 7

Hormones- slower action, act for a long time, act in general way

Neurones- very fast action, act for short time,act on precise area

Question 8

Adrenaline

Answer 8

Adrenaline is a hormone released by adrenal glands and it prepares body for fight or flight (stand ground or run away)
Binds to specific receptors in heart - beats faster and harder- blood flow increases and increase in muscles and decreases in stomach and head - in the liver, glycogen is converted into glucose for increased respiration

Question 9

Thyroxine

Answer 9

Regulates metabolism (speed at which chemical reactions occur in body)
When blood thyroxine level is lower than should the hypothalamus stimulated to release trh this stimulates pituitary gland to release tsh this stimulates thyroid gland to release thyroxine so blood letters rise

Question 10

Fsh

Answer 10

Stimulates egg growth

Question 11

Lh

Answer 11

Surge causes ovulation

Question 12

Oestrogen

Answer 12

Builds up uterus lining

Question 13

Progesterone

Answer 13

Maintains thickness of lining

Question 14

Menstrual cycle

Answer 14

1-5 =menstruation - uterus lining breaks down
6-14 = uterus lining thickens and new egg matures
14 = ovulation - egg is released
14-28 = if fertilisation occurs uterus lining maintains if not it breaks down

Question 15

Controlling fertility

Answer 15

Clomifine therapy- either don’t ovulate it is not regular - causes more fsh and lh to be released

Contraceptives are used to prevent pregnancy- condoms(protect against STI’S)
IVF

Question 16

Homeostasis- control of blood glucose

Answer 16

High - insulin produced by pancreas- glucose stored in liver as glycogen- decreases blood glucose level

Low-glucagon produced by pancreas-glycogen in liver is conserved into glucose- pumped into blood- inverse blood glucose concentration

Homeostasis is maintaining a constant internal environment- need to be kept steady -thermoregulation(regulation body temp), blood glucose levels,osmoregation(regulating water content)

Question 17

Thyroid glands

Answer 17

Thyroid glands- regulates heart rate, temp and rate of metabolism

Question 18

Testes

Answer 18

Testes- produce testosterone,control puberty&sperm production

Question 19

Ovaries

Answer 19

Ovaries- produce oestrogen, involved in menstrual cycle

Question 20

Pancreas

Answer 20

Pancreas- produce insulin which regulate blood glucose levels

Question 21

Adrenal glands

Answer 21

Adrenal glands- produce adrenaline and prepare body for fight or flight

Question 22

Pituitary gland

Answer 22

Pituitary gland- produce hormones that regulate body conditions