Section 6

Question 1

Endocrine system makes chemical signals ….

Answer 1

to help body grow and maintain homeostasis

Question 2

These chemicals control what type of processes?

Answer 2

cell division, cell death, sexual development or affecting body temperature, alertness, or salt levels

Question 3

what are these chemical signals called? (named by endocrine system)

Answer 3

hormones

Question 4

what are hormones made in

Answer 4

organs called glands

Question 5

glands release hormones in the blood stream and they come in contact with many cells, when will it interact?

Answer 5

cell with specific receptors

Question 6

what will happen if a hormone reaches a cell with no specific receptor

Answer 6

nothing

Question 7

what will happen if a hormone reaches a cell with the correct receptor

Answer 7

it binds to the cell and prompts the cell to make or activate certain proteins or enzymes

Question 8

what is a target cell?

Answer 8

cells that have
receptors for a specific
hormone

Question 9

what are steroid hormones made of?

Answer 9

of cholesterol, a type of lipid

Question 10

what are nonsteroid hormones made of?

Answer 10

one or more amino acids

Question 11

how can steroid hormones enter its target cell?

Answer 11

by diffusing in its membrane

Question 12

Once inside, the steroid hormone attaches to a receptor protein, which transports the protein into the nucleus. What happens when its inside?

Answer 12

the steroid hormone binds to the cell’s DNA. This binding causes the cell to produce the proteins that are coded by that portion of DNA.

Question 13

nonsteroid hormones dont enter the cell why?

Answer 13

It is not fat soluble, so it cannot diffuse across the plasma membrane of a target cell

Question 14

Nonsteroid hormones do not enter their target cells. These hormones bind to protein receptors on a cell’s membrane and cause chemical reactions to take place inside the cell.

Question 15

what do the chemical receptors activate (nonsteriod).

Answer 15

activates molecules inside the cell. These molecules, called second messengers

Question 16

what do second messengers do?

Answer 16

react with still other molecules inside the cell. The products of these reactions might initiate other chemical reactions in the cell or activate a gene in the nucleus.