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HCHS GCSE Science 1 - Physics > Section 5 - Electricity and Circuits > Flashcards

Section 5 - Electricity and Circuits Flashcards

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1
Q

What is current?

A

The flow of electrical charge.

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2
Q

What is potential difference?

A

The driving force that pushes the charge around, the energy transferred per unit charge that passes between two points in a circuit.

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3
Q

What is resistance?

A

Anything that slows the current down.

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4
Q

What is the equation for charge?

A

Q=I×t

Q = Charge
I = Current
t = Time
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5
Q

What are some necessary circuit components?

A 
Cell
Battery
Open switch
Closed switch
Filament lamp
Fuse
LED
Power supply
Resistor
Variable resistor
Ammeter
Voltmeter
Diode
LDR
Thermistor
Motor
Wire
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6
Q

Describe the equation relating potential difference, current and resistance.

A

V=I×R

V = Potential difference
I = Current
R = Resistance
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7
Q

Describe the normal trend between temperature and resistance.

A

As temperature increases, so does resistance.

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8
Q

What is an ammeter? How is it installed in a circuit?

A

It is a device that measures current, it must be installed in series as part of the main circuit.

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9
Q

What is a voltmeter? How is it installed in a circuit?

A

It is a device that measures potential difference, it must be installed in parallel to another circuit device.

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10
Q

What is a diode?

A

A device that only allows current to flow through it one way.

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11
Q

What is an LDR?

A

A device that changes its resistance in response to changes in light level.

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12
Q

What is a thermistor?

A

A device that changes its resistance in response to changes in temperature.

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13
Q

What is the trend between light and resistance in LDRs?

A

As light levels increase, resistance decreases.

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14
Q

What is the trend between temperature and resistance in thermistors?

A

As the temperature increases, resistance decreases.

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15
Q

What is a series circuit?

A

A circuit in which every device is connected to the next in one loop.

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16
Q

What is a parallel circuit?

A

A circuit in which devices may be connected to others in multiple loops. This makes the separate loops independent.

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17
Q

How does adding a resistor to a series circuit affect its total resistance?

A

It increases it.

18
Q

How does adding a resistor to a parallel circuit affect its total resistance?

A

It decreases it.

19
Q

Describe the equation relating energy transferred, voltage, current and time?

A

E=I×V×t

E = Energy transferred
I = Current
V = Voltage
t = Time
20
Q

What is the normal trend between current and temperature?

A

As the current increases, more energy is transferred to the thermal energy stores of the components, this increases temperature.

21
Q

Describe the trend between heat and efficiency.

A

As heat increases, efficiency decreases.

22
Q

What are some uses of heating in electronics?

A

Fuses, ovens, toasters, heaters and filament bulbs.

23
Q

What is power?

A

A measure of how much energy is transferred per second.

24
Q

What are the equations for power?

A

P=E/t
P=I×V or P=I²×R

P = Power
E = Energy transferred
t = Time
V = Potential difference
R = Resistance
I = Current
25
Q

What is a power rating?

A

How much energy is used by an appliance per second.

26
Q

What type of current is mains supply?

A

A.C

27
Q

What type of current is battery supply?

A

D.C

28
Q

What does A.C stand for?

A

Alternating current.

29
Q

What does D.C stand for?

A

Direct current.

30
Q

What is the difference between A.C and D.C?

A

A.C is always changing direction where D.C can only go one way.

31
Q

What wires do most cables have?

A

Live wire
Neutral wire
Earth wire

32
Q

What is the live wire?

A

The red wire in a cable, it carries the current and has a voltage of 230 volts, this means touching it delivers an electric shock.

33
Q

What is the neutral wire?

A

The blue wire in a cable, it completes the circuit and has a voltage of 0 volts, this means it doesn’t deliver electric shocks when touched.

34
Q

What is the earth wire?

A

The yellow and green wire in a circuit, it is there for safety and prevents the casing of the appliance from becoming live, it has a voltage of 0 volts and does not deliver electric shocks.

35
Q

What voltage is mains supply?

A

230 volts.

36
Q

What are fuses?

A

Small insulated wires that are there to protect the circuit and appliance from any current surges.

37
Q

How do fuses work?

A

Any abnormally large amount of current, a surge, will cause the fuse to melt and disconnect any power to the appliance, making it safe.

38
Q

What is the trend between cable thickness and fuse rating?

A

As cable thickness increases, so does the fuse rating.

39
Q

What are circuit breakers?

A

Switches that open, trip, under large currents, this prevents a surge.

40
Q

What is double insulation?

A

Where the appliance has a plastic casing and no exposed metal.

HCHS GCSE Science 1 - Physics (7 decks)

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