Section 5 Flashcards
What is the corporate flat tax rate?
21%
BONUS DEPRECIATION
Bonus depreciation now applies to Qualified Improvement Property (QIP)
QIP is any improvement to any interior part of building if placed in service ___
QIP does NOT include any improvement attributable to the ___
after the date the building was fist placed in service
Not include any improvement attributable to the enlargement of the building
Section 179 Expensing
A TP can elect to __ the cost of the qualifying property rather than recover through ___
deduct, depreciation.
How long is the recovery period (depreciation period) for QIP?
15 yrs
Can tax shelters use the cash method?
nope
What is the requirement to use the cash method for TPs?
have less than
What 2 corporations can use the cash method of accounting regardlses of the receipt test?
PSC & C Corps
TP that meet the $25M gross receipt test are not requried to account for inventories, but can use a method of accounting that either (2)
Treats inventories as non-incidental materials or conforms to the TP financial accounting treatment
Busiensses w/ avg gross receipt of $25M or less are ___ from the UNICAP
exempt
COMPLETED - CONTRACT METHOD OF ACCTING
The TCJA expands the exception for _____ from the requirement to use the % of completion method
Contracts within this exception are the contracts for construction/improvement of real property IF (2)
- Expecte to be completed within 2 years of commencement of contract &&&&&
- Performed by a taxpayer that meets the $25M gross receipt test (for the year the contract was entered into.)
S CORP CONVERSIONS
An eligible S Corp can change from cash method to accrual method
What makes an S Corp eligble (3)
- An existing S corp before the law (T2. CJA)
- Revoked its S corp election
- All owners are the same (w/ same ownership %) when they revoked their S Corp election
BUSINESS INTEREST
The deduction for business interest is limited to ___% of the ____ of the taxpayer for the tax year
Business interest can mean any interest paid or accrued from debt. It does not include ___
30% , adjusted taxable income
doesn’t include investment interest / investment income
BUSINESS INTEREST
Adjusted taxable income means the income computed BEFORE (4)
Gains or any item of income
Business income/interest
Any amt of net operating loss deduction
Qualified business income of a pass-through entity
BUSINESS INTEREST
The amount of any business interest not allowed as a deduction for any tax year may be _____ ….for how long?
carried forward INDEFINITELY
When do the rules regarding business interest NOT apply?
If taxpayer’s avg annual receipts of the past 3 years do NOT exceed $25M — THEN, the 30% limitation rule of adjusted gross income would NOT apply
EMPLOYEE ACHIEVEMENT AWARD
An employee achievement award is a ____ given to the employee in recognition of length of service or safety achievement
tangible personal property
EMPLOYEE ACHIEVEMENT AWARD
Employee achievement awards that are deductible by the employer are ___ from the employee’s gross income and from wages
What does personal property NOT Include?
excluded
cash/gift card/ vacation/meal/stock/bond
Gain/loss on self-created property (patent/inventions/etc) will receive capital gain treatment
T/F
False - no it wont
For NOL in tax years AFTER 12/31/2017, the law repeals the ____
NOL can be carried forward ____ (how long), but are limited to 80% of taxable income
2 year carry back
Carried forward indefintiely
After 2021, companies will no longer be able to immediately expense costs that are treated as section 174 research expense, INSTEAD, they will be required to charge research expense to a ____ account and educt them over a ____ year period
How long if incurred outside of the U.S?
capital account, 5 year period
If outside of U.S, then 15 years
ENTERTAINMENT EXPENSE
How much is the deduction?
There is no deduction – this was repealed
Any deduction for employee expense?
Deduction for Sexual Harrassment settlements?
Nope
Taxpayers may still generally deduct __% of the food and beverage expenses associated with operating their trade or business
50%
EMPLOYER-PAID LEAVE
The law allows businesses a general business credit of 12.5% of the amount of wages paid to qualifying employees on _____ if the rate of payment is __% of the wages normally paid to the employee.
Family and medical leave, 50%
Partnerships are treated as continuing even if more than 50% of the total capital and profits interests of the partnership is ____ or ___
sold or exchanged
SUBSTANTIAL BUILT-IN LOSS
Exists if transferee is allocated a net loss in excess of $250K upon a ____ by the partnership
hypothetical disposition
Determining Share of Loss (Partnership)
The basis limitation on partner losses take into account a partner’s: (2)
Share of partnership charitable contributions & taxes paid
QUALIFIED BUSINESS INCOME
Qualified business income is reduced by federal income taxes, but not ___
Alternative minimum tax or self employment tax
QUALIFIED TRADE OR BUSINESS
A qualified trade or business means any trade or business OTHER THAN: (2)
Specified service trade/business OR trade/business of being an employee
What is a specified service trade/business?
performance of services and the principal asset is the reputation/skill of an employee
Corporations are divided into 2 categories:
What is their main distinction (what sets them apart)
Subchapter S (S Corp) Subchapter C (C corp)
Main distinction is their tax treatment
What are the three advantages of corporate structure?
Shareholders shave limited liability for corp. debts
Continuous life until dissolved (not terminated by death of shareholder)
Shares can be purchased/sold/assigned
CORPORATION DEFINITIONS
Domestic –
Foreign –
C Corporations –
Domestic: Does business in the state it incorporates
Foreign - does business in any state except the 1 its incorporated
C Corp - Formed under state corp law and taxed as a a corporation for federal tax purposes
STATUTORY CLOSE CORPORATIONS (C Corp)
What are Statutory close corporations also called?
How many shareholders?
For approvals, what must be achieved?
Can it function w/o BOD and shareholder meetings?
Also called: Closely held or closed corporation
Shareholders: 50 or less
For Approvals: must get 2/3rd vote
It can function w/o BOD & Shareholder meetings
S Corporations Classified as a corporation, taxed as a \_\_\_\_\_ How many shareholders? How many classes of stock? Who can NOT be shareholders?
Taxed as a partnership
100 or less shareholders
1 class of stock
Cant be shareholder: Nonresident aliens, corporations, foreign trusts
CORPORATION - PROMOTERS
Promoters may act on behalf of the corporation (T/F)
Promoters are: (T/F)
- Agents of the corporation
- Contracts bind promoters
- BOD may adopt/reject contracts made by promoter
- Promoter is not liable unless granted a novation
T
Promoters are (t/F)
- F - Not Agents
- T
- T
- F - Promoters are liable unless granted novation
Incorporation
Corporations are regulated by ____ laws that allow their formation to carry on lawful activity
Who signs the articles of incorporation?
Regulated by state laws
Incorporators sign the articles of incorporation
What must the articles of incorporation include (7)
- Name of corp
- Corp purpose
- Capital stock authorized
- Location of principal office
- # of directors
- Name/address of registered agent
7 Capital structure and duration
BYLAWS
What are bylaws?
Bylaws are the rules/regulations that govern the internal management of a corporation
What are the three doctrines that deal with defects in the incorporation process? include definition
De Jure Corp: any corp that complies w/ the mandatory statutory requirements of incorporation
De Facto Corp: If fail to comply w/ mandatory requirements, courts recognize as de facto.
Corporation by Estoppel: in absence of a de facto
What does De Facto Corporation force and shield?
What does Corporation by Estoppel really mean?
De Facto: Forces 3rd parties to perform on corporate contracts & Shields shareholders from direct liability
Corporation by Estoppel: Doesn’t force 3rd parties to act on contracts & shields shareholders from direct liability