Section 5 Flashcards
What is system software
general-purpose software that is used to operate computer hardware. it provides a platform to run application software
what is application software
specific-purpose software used to perform a specific task. things like utility software and OSs
What is an OS
controls the overall operation of a computer. It provides the ability for a user to store and retrieve files, facilitates a user interface to request the execution of programs, and maintains the environment necessary to execute programs.
what is utility software
extends the capabilities of an operating system. Utility software helps customize the operating system’s function.
what is the kernel
is the internal part of an operating system. The kernel contains the operating system components that perform the basic functions required by the computer installation.
What is a CLI
a type of user interface that communicate with end users through textual messages using a keyboard and monitor.
what does the memory manager do in the kernel
manages the systems primary main memory. the manager needs to find and assign the main memory space for each of the processes and restrict the actions of each process to the memory space allocated to that program.
what is paging in a memory manager inside of the kernel
when the memory manager rotates programs and data between the primary and secondary memory.
how are drivers used
the kernel of an OS loads a driver on an as needed basis and uses it to translate generic requests into the technical steps required to complete a task.
what makes software considered productivity software
what people use to complete daily tasks such as writing documents, managing personal information, sending an email, etc.
what is collaboration software
helps people communicate and work with one another
what is specialized software
performs tasks for specific purposes such as finance, science, games, etc.
what is “bespoke” software
custom made, specifically designed and developed for an organization.
what is “off-the-shelf” software
provides a general set of features that are useful to a broad range of users.
what is “hybrid” software
off-the-shelf software, designed to be used by a wide range of organizations or individuals
what is shareware
an application that can be installed as a trial limited by time and/or functionality. protected by EULA and copyright laws
what is freeware
free but protected by EULA and copyright laws
what is public domain software
has no EULA and no intellectual property protections and is available for anyone to download and use at their own discretion.
what is assembly language
machine-dependent, yet mainly consists of mnemonic processor instructions, data, and other statements or instructions that are not directly understandable by machine and high-level language as machine-independent. more precise and efficient code that can control hardware better than high level languages
what is machine code
instructions in the form of 0s and 1s
what is a high-level language
programming languages like Python or Java
what is source code
The collection of instructions written in a programming language
what does a compiler do
translates source code into machine language. A compiler checks source code for errors before translating it into object code. If the source code is found to have errors, the compiler specifies the errors.
what does an interpreter do
translate and execute source code into machine language one line at a time. If the interpreter finds an error, the process is terminated at the statement containing the error and displays an error message.
