Section 4 - Sino-Soviet Relations 1949-1956

Question 0

Why did Stalin fear the PRC’s progress?

Answer 0

Mao might adopt policies that damaged interests of the Soviet Union.

Question 1

The creation of the communist gov in China the PRC.

Answer 1

1949

Question 2

The relationship was difficult because…

Answer 2

They had competing desires to be the leading power in Asia

Question 3

Stalin and Mao were able to work together because of what three reasons?

Answer 3

Mao respected Stalin.
Other world powers ie Br and US wouldn’t work with communist so Mao had no other alternative.
As communist Mao and Stalin had common enemies.

Question 4

In what year was the Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual assistance?

Answer 4

1950

Question 5

Four key terms of the Treaty of friendship, alliance and mutual assistance are…

Answer 5

Ch accepted Soviet leadership of the communist world.
Ch and SU formed military pact against invasion from the Caps
Mongolia remained in the soviet sphere of influence
China was to be given econ and tech aid and help with developing an air force.

Question 6

Korean War was significant for Sino-Soviet relations as it?

Answer 6

Drained Ch financial resources & made it more dependent on SU.
Demo courage & expertise of Chinese troops, thus persuading Stalin that Ch was useful ally.

Question 7

Sino-Soviet relations after Stalin improved eg?

Answer 7

SU increased the amount of tech support to Ch. 116, fully equipped industrial plants were made.

Question 8

How personal mistrust influenced the breakdown of relations?

Answer 8

Mao had no respect for Khrushchev.
Mao saw Khrushchev as being bureaucrat.
Khrushchev’s secret speech of 1956 criticised Stal cult of personality when Mao had one of his own.
Mao argued that Khrushchev socialist revisionist.

Question 9

How was the breakdown of Sino-Soviet relations was influenced by tension in Taiwan?

Answer 9

Mao believed to liberate Ch he needed control of Taiwan the base of his nationalist opponents. T’was frustrated by Khrushchev’s refusal to help

Question 10

When’s was the first Taiwan Crisis?

Answer 10

1954-55

Question 11

The events of the first Taiwan Crisis were?

Answer 11

Mao began to bomb Taiwan. The US signed a Mutual Defence Treaty. US would defend Taiwan against Ch or Soviet attack.
In public Khrushchev supported Ch but privately didn’t want to jeopardise peaceful coexistence.

Question 12

When was the second Taiwan crisis?

Answer 12

1958

Question 13

Events in the 1958 Taiwan crisis?

Answer 13

Aware of Mao’s ambition US gave matador missiles to Tai.
In response Mao bombarded Quemoy and Matsu in Aug 1958 to ^ pressure on US.
China was forced to back down as Khrushchev wouldn’t support him.

Question 14

How were the SU and Ch divided on the issue of nuclear weapons?

Answer 14

Khrushchev was alarmed by Mao’s willingness to see bald the worlds pop die to grow comm as he’d stated.
Mao saw Khrushchev’s commitment to ‘peaceful coexistence’ btwn cap & comm as a sign he was a coward and betrayer

Question 15

What type of relationship did Mao believe he had with SU?

Answer 15

Cat and mouse relationship

Question 16

What year was the Great Leap Forward?

Answer 16

In 1958

Question 17

What did the new policy show about the tensions?

Answer 17

Reflected growing ideological differences between China and the SU.

Question 18

What the new policy show about Mao?

Answer 18

Showed his desire to replace Khrushchev as leader of the communist world.

Question 19

What happened in 1960?

Answer 19

Tension came to a surface when Khrushchev ordered a removal of all 1390 soviet experts from Ch.

Question 20

What was the result of Mao’s new foreign policy?

Answer 20

Mao’s new policy was a failure and resulted in a major famine. Mao refused Soviet offers of emergency supplies.

Question 21

The impact of public dispute

Answer 21

During 1963 ‘The Open Letter of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union argued Ch was no longer on the true path to communism.

Question 22

What term did Mao use to describe what he believed a burr ratio government?

Answer 22

Soviet Revisionism

Question 23

What year was the Moscow meeting?

Answer 23

1964

Question 24

Who attended the Moscow meeting?

Answer 24

Brezhnev held talks with Zhou Enlai, China Foreign Minister

Question 25

Why were talks unsuccessful? China was unwilling to compromise as?

Answer 25

It had successfully tested a nuclear device so didn’t need SU protection.
Communist Albania had rejected Soviet leadership & allied with China

Question 26

What was happening in China at the time?

Answer 26

Since the Failure of GLF Mao had been forced to play a smaller role in gov so in 1966 he launched the Cultural Revolution to purge ‘soviet revisionist’ from Chinese gov.

Question 27

When did Sino-Soviet border occur?

Answer 27

1969

Question 28

What happened in 1968 to ignite Mao ‘s mistrust of the SU?

Answer 28

Brezhnev ordered troops to overthrow Cslov as they had left path if true communism. Mao feared he may be applicable to the Brezhnev doctrine.

Question 29

What happened on 2 March 1969?

Answer 29

Mao decided on a policy of ‘active defence’ thus ambushed a Soviet border patrol in the Ussuri River region.

Question 30

How was the Ussuri river crisis resolved?

Answer 30

A meeting between the foreign ministers Zhou and Kosygin they assured no intention of invading.

Question 31

Why did Nixon move the US closer to China?

Answer 31

Nixon wanted to end US involvement in the war but save face as well.
Ch relationship with SU had deteriorated and their new tie would weaken SU international position.
Nixon hoped a better relationship with Ch would allow the US to focus entire nuclear arsenal on SU.

Question 32

Why did China move closer to the US?

Answer 32

Concern about geo position tension over border with SU.
Encircled by unfriendly States India Japan SU
Leaders of Ch petroleum industry argued in need of investment and US was leader in petrol tech

Question 33

What role did Pragmatism play?

Answer 33

Mao and Nixon were prepared to put aside ideological conflict in favour of a relationship based on mutual economic and strategic interests.

Question 34

Between what years did ping pong diplomacy exist?

Answer 34

Between 1969-1972

Question 35

What happened in 1971?

Answer 35

Ch and US pp teams met during a tournament

NSA Kissenger visited and had secret talks with Zhou agreed Nixon would visit in 1972

Question 36

What was so important about the summit in 1972 in China?

Answer 36

Indication that the bi-polar world dominated by two powers wasn’t more.

Question 37

What did the Shanghai communique entail?

Answer 37

No single power should try to dominate Asia tacit was to the SU
US and China should develop closer cultural educational links. Trade went from $5 mil in 1972 to $500 mil within the decade.