Section 4 - Extracting metals and equilibria - Dynamic equilibrium, Haber process and Le Chatelier's Principle Flashcards
What is a reversible reaction? Example of one?
A reaction where the products can react with each other to produce original reactants
Haber process
What is the Haber process and equation for it?
When nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia
N2 + 3H2 ⇌ 2NH3
3 factors needed for the Haber process?
450°C, pressure of 200 atmospheres and an iron catalyst
Sign for reversible reaction?
⇌
How are nitrogen and hydrogen obtained/extracted for the Haber process?
Nitrogen obtained easily from air, about 78% nitrogen
Hydrogen extracted from hydrocarbons
What is equilibrium? When can it only be reached?
When the forward reaction will go at exactly same rate as backward reaction. Can only be reached if reversible reaction takes place in closed system
What is dynamic equilibrium?
Forward and backward reactions both happen at same time and at same rate, and concentrations of reactants and products have reached a balance and won’t change
What does it mean when the equilibrium lies to the right and left?
Lie to the right means lots of products and not much of reactants
Lie to the left means lots of reactants and not much of products
3 factors that affect position of equilibrium?
Temperature, pressure (only affects equilibria involving gases), and concentrations of reactants and products
What does Le Chatelier’s Principle state?
If there’s a change in concentration, pressure or temperature in a reversible reaction, the equilibrium position will move to help counteract that change
What do exothermic and endothermic mean?
An exothermic reaction is one which gives out energy to surroundings, usually in form of heat
An endothermic reaction is one which takes in energy from surroundings, usually in form of heat
What affect will changing temperature have on equilibrium in reversible reaction?
Equilibrium will move in exothermic direction to produce more heat if temperature decreases
It will move in endothermic direction to absorb more heat if temperature increase
What affect will changing pressure have on equilibrium in reversible reaction?
Equilibrium will move towards side that has fewer moles of gas to reduce pressure if pressure increases
It will move towards side that has more moles of gas to increase pressure if pressure decreases
What affect will changing concentration of reactants and products have on equilibrium in reversible reaction?
Equilibrium will move towards right to use up reactants if reactants concentration increases
It will move towards left to use up products if products concentration increases
Decreasing concentration will have opposite effect
