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Cyber > Section 4: Exploring Virtualization and Cloud Concepts > Flashcards

Section 4: Exploring Virtualization and Cloud Concepts Flashcards

1
Q

In a cloud environment, what is elasticity?

A

Allows you to increase and decrease cloud resources as you need them.

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2
Q

In which cloud environment would you install the software and then have to update the patches?

A

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) requires you to install the operating systems and patch the machines. The CSP provides bare-metal computers.

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3
Q

What cloud model would you not be allowed to migrate to?

A

Software as a Service (SaaS) is a custom application written by a vendor. You cannot migrate to it.

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4
Q

What is the major benefit of using a public cloud?

A

No capital expenditure.

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5
Q

What is a cloud single-tenant model?

A

Also a private cloud, you either own the hardware or the CSP puts you on hardware that’s isolated from other customers.

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6
Q

What is a cloud multi-tenant model?

A

A public cloud.

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7
Q

Describe how a community cloud operates.

A

People from the same industry design and share the cost of a bespoke application and its hosting, making it cost-effective.

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8
Q

Who is responsible for the disaster recovery of hardware in a cloud environment?

A

The CSP.

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9
Q

What is a Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB)?

A

Enforces security, updates clients, and ensures that the policies between the on-prem situation and cloud are enforced.

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10
Q

What model is it if you own the premises and the entire IT infrastructure resides there?

A

Private. On-prem means you own the building and work solely from there.

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11
Q

What is a hybrid cloud model?

A

A company is using a mixture of on-prem and cloud.

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12
Q

What type of cloud service deals with identity management?

A

Security as a Service (SECaaS).

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13
Q

Where will a diskless virtual host access its storage?

A

Storage Area Network (SAN).

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14
Q

If you have a virtual switch that resides on a SAN, what connector will you use for a VLAN?

A

iSCSI connector.

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15
Q

What type of disks does a SAN use?

A

Fast disks, like SSDs.

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16
Q

What is the machine that holds several VMs called?

A

A host. It holds a number of virtual machines, needs fast disks, memory and CPU cores.

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17
Q

What is a guest, and what can you use as a rollback option?

A

A virtual machine, which you can restore from a snapshot in seconds.

18
Q

In a virtual environment, what is sandboxing?

A

A cybersecurity practice in which you isolate an application for patching or testing or because it is dangerous.

19
Q

Which is faster for data recovery: a snapshot or a backup tape?

A

Snapshot.

20
Q

What is a Type 1 hypervisor?

A

A bare-metal hypervisor, like Hyper-V, ESX, and Xen.

21
Q

What is a Type 2 hypervisor?

A

A hypervisor that sits on top of an operating system, like VirtualBox.

22
Q

Why does HVAC produce availability for a data center?

A

HVAC keeps servers cool by importing cold air and exporting hot air. CPU overheating will cause the server to crash.

23
Q

What do you call the cloud model where people from the same industry share resources and the cost of the cloud model?

A

Community cloud.

24
Q

What is an example of cloud storage for a personal user?

A

iCloud
Google Drive
Microsoft OneDrive
Dropbox

25
Q

Explain the functionality of fog computing.

A

Intermediary between the device and the cloud. Allows data to be processed closer to the device, reduces latency and cost.

26
Q

What is edge computing?

A

Allows data storage to be closer to the sensors rather than miles away in a data center.

27
Q

What are containers?

A

Allows the isolation of applications and their files and libraries so that the application is independent. Docker is an example.

28
Q

What is infrastructure as code?

A

Allows you to automate your infrastructure, like using PowerShell DSC.

29
Q

Describe services integration.

A

Combination of business and IT functions into a single business solution.

30
Q

What are cloud resource policies?

A

Policies that state the actions and access levels someone has in relation to a particular resource.

31
Q

What is system sprawl, and what is a way to prevent it?

A

Where a VM or host has run out of resources. Best way to avoid this is thin provisioning.

32
Q

What is the best way to protect against VM escape?

A

In VM escape, an attacker will use a vulnerable VM to attack the host of another VM. Best protection against this is to ensure the hypervisor and all VMs are fully patched.

33
Q

What is a cloud region, and how can it provide redundancy?

A

Consists of multiple physical locations called zones. Data can be spread across multiple zones for redundancy.

34
Q

What is secret management, and what encryption levels protect the secret management key?

A

Secret management uses a vault to store keys, passwords, tokens and SSH keys used for privileged accounts. It uses RSA 2048-bit keys to protect the secret.

35
Q

Explain the main difference between LRS and ZRS. Which one is the cheapest?

A

Locally Redundant Storage (LRS) replicates 3 copies of your data to a single physical location and is the cheapest option.

Zone Redundant Storage (ZRS) replicates 3 copies of your data to 3 separate zones within your region.

36
Q

Why would a VPC use private and public subnets?

A

A form of network segmentation.

37
Q

What type of resources would be held on a public subnet?

A

Resources that need access to the internet, like company web servers. A NAT gateway and an internet gateway would also be on these subnets.

38
Q

What type of resources would be held on a private subnet?

A

Resources that should not have direct internet access, like database servers, domain controllers and email servers.

39
Q

How would someone connect to a VPC?

A

A VPN connection using L2TP/IPSec.

40
Q

Where should a default route be pointing for a device within a private subnet, and what is its purpose?

A

Default route of 0.0.0.0 should be pointing to either the NAT gateway or the internet gateway.

When network traffic does not know where to go, it will be sent to the default route as a last resort.

41
Q

Why might a third-party cloud solution be better than a cloud-native solution?

A

Third-party tools allow more flexibility.

Cyber (12 decks)

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