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EKG > Section 4 > Flashcards

Section 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Hyper-K-alemia
High potassium
Caused by renal disease, acidosis, meds

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2
Q

Hyperkalemia EKG Progression

A
  1. T waves peak
  2. Loss of P wave, further T wave peaking
  3. Sine Wave
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3
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Hypo-K-alemia
Low potassium
Caused by dietary deficiency, alkalosis, excess mineralocorticoids, meds

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4
Q

Hypokalemia EKG findings

A

T wave flattening

U wave appears in ONLY the anterior leads (between T and P wave)

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5
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Low Calcium

Caused by malabsorption, vit d deficiency, hypoparathyroidism

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6
Q

Hypocalcemia EKG findings

A

Prolonged QT interval
Short PR interval
T wave flattening
Risk of V Tach

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7
Q

R on T phenomenon

A

Prolonged QT from hypocalcemia turning into Vtach. T wave encroaches onto the next R wave.

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8
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

High Calcium

Caused by malignancies, granulomatous diseases, medication induced, primary hyperparathyroidism

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9
Q

Hypercalcemia EKG findings

A

Shorted QT inervals

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10
Q

Hypothermia

A

Cold temp

Slows metabolism

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11
Q

Hypothermia EKG Changes

A

Sinus Brady
Prolonged segments
Distinct ST elevation: J Wave or Osborne Wave

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12
Q

Digitalis Effect

A

Drug Digoxin causes it
Normal at therapeutic levels
Slows AV node conduction

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13
Q

Digitalis EKG

A

ST Depression w/ downslope
(Looks like mustache)
T wave flattening or inversion

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14
Q

Digitalis Toxicity

A

Happens at supratherapeutic levels
Sinus Node suppression
AV Conduction blocks
Tachyarrhythmias

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15
Q

Paroxysmal Atrial Tach

A

Enhanced automaticity of ectopic atrial focus
Or from re-entrant circuit in atria
Usually looks like SVT, but can have P waves if slow enough
100-200 BPM
Associated with Digitalis Toxicity

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16
Q

PAT

A

Paroxysmal Atrial Tachycardia
Associated with Dig Toxicity
Usually 2:1 block

17
Q

Acute Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of Pericardium
Patient recovering from viral infection
Usually presents with chest pain that improved with then lean forward

18
Q

Acute Pericarditis EKG

A

ST elevations, T wave changes, PR depressions

19
Q

Pericardial Effusion

A

Heart is rotating freely within fluid

Following an infection

20
Q

Pericardial Effusion EKG

A

Low voltage: aka little QRS complexes

21
Q

Electrical ALternans

A

Associated with Pericardial Effusions
Amplitude of the waveform is varying beat to beat
Short-tall-short-tall

22
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Emphysema
Chronic Bronchitis
Right atrial enlargement common

23
Q

COPD EKG

A

Low voltage: Little QRS
Right axis deviation
Poor R wave progression
R atrial enlargement

24
Q

Acute Pulmonary Embolism EKG

A

R ventricular hypertrophy
RBBB: Right bundle branch block
S1, Q3, T3
Tachycardia: Sinus Tach or Afib

25
Q

S1Q3T3

A

Acute Pulmonary Embolism
S1: Large S in Lead 1
Q3: Deep Q in Lead 3
T3: Inverted T in lead 3

26
Q

Brugada Syndrome

A

Inherited trait, more in men

Causes Syncope

27
Q

Brugada EKG

A 
EKG showing RBBB and ST 
(can look like bunny ears) 
elevation V1, V2, V3
Risk of Vtach 
Pointy ST in V1
28
Q

Female presenting with chest discomfort that gets worse when lying on back. Just recovered from infuenza virus

A

Acute Pericarditis

ST elevations in multiple leads, PR depressions

29
Q

Male with COPD, SOB

A

Low voltage QRS complexes

Right atrial enlargement: Poor R wave progression and R axis deviation.

30
Q

Female fell in bathroom was there all night

A

Hypothermia

Osborne Waves: Distinct T waves

31
Q

Patient had facial trauma after fall

A

Syncopal episode w/o warning so was unable to put hands out to stop fall.

32
Q

Male with CHF on Digoxin

A

Normal: Digitalis Effect (showing ST depression with T wave flattening)
High levels: Tachy arrhythmias

33
Q

Female with thyroidectomy, muscle cramping, tingling in fingers

A

Hypocalcemia: Prolonged QT with T wave flattening. PR interval shortening

34
Q

Male with Afib on Digoxin, feels fine

A

Digitalis Effect, normal, Afib with ST depressions

EKG (1 decks)

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