section 4 Flashcards
argument map study
Conjoint support involves multiple premises working _______ to support the conclusion.
together
True or False: In independent support, each premise provides individual support to the conclusion and stands on its own.
: True
What is conjoint support?
Conjoint support is when multiple premises work together to provide a stronger argument for the conclusion. If one premise is removed, the support for the conclusion weakens significantly.
Which type of support requires that all premises be true in order for the conclusion to be properly supported?
a) Independent Support
b) Conjoint Support
c) Neither
d) Both
conjoint suppport
What is independent support?
Independent support is when each premise independently supports the conclusion. If one premise is removed, the remaining premises still provide support for the conclusion.
Conjoint Support - Example Argument
Premise 1: Exercising regularly improves cardiovascular health.
Premise 2: Cardiovascular health is a key component of overall physical fitness.
Conclusion: Therefore, exercising regularly improves overall physical fitness.
What type of support do the premises “Exercising regularly improves cardiovascular health” and “Cardiovascular health is a key component of overall physical fitness” provide to the conclusion “Exercising regularly improves overall physical fitness”?
Conjoint support, because both premises work together to support the conclusion. If one premise is removed, the argument’s strength weakens.
Independent Support - Example Argument
Premise 1: A high-fiber diet can help regulate blood sugar levels.
Premise 2: A high-fiber diet can aid in weight management.
Conclusion: Therefore, a high-fiber diet has multiple health benefits
What type of support do the premises “A high-fiber diet can help regulate blood sugar levels” and “A high-fiber diet can aid in weight management” provide to the conclusion “A high-fiber diet has multiple health benefits”?
Independent support, because each premise independently supports the conclusion. Removing one premise does not significantly weaken the argument since the other premise still provides support.
Hidden assumptions are _______ beliefs that support an argument without being explicitly stated.
unstated
True or False: Hidden assumptions can weaken an argument if they are not valid or are based on false premises.
true
What is a hidden assumption in an argument?
A hidden assumption is an unstated belief or premise that supports the argument. It is not directly expressed but is necessary for the argument’s conclusion to hold.
Which of the following is an example of a hidden assumption in the statement “Studying hard leads to good grades”?
a) Good grades are important for success.
b) Hard work always leads to positive outcomes.
c) Only students who study hard achieve good grades.
d) All students have equal access to study resources.
d. all students have access to study resources
True or False: Identifying hidden assumptions is important in evaluating the strength and validity of an argument.
True
Argument Map - Hidden Assumption
Premise 1: Online education is convenient for students.
Premise 2: Convenient education methods lead to better learning outcomes.
Conclusion: Therefore, online education leads to better learning outcomes.
What hidden assumption supports the conclusion “Online education leads to better learning outcomes”?
The hidden assumption is that convenience directly improves the quality of education, which may not always be true.
Argument Map - Hidden Assumption
Premise 1: Eating organic foods is healthier.
Premise 2: Healthier eating habits improve overall well-being.
Conclusion: Therefore, eating organic foods improves overall well-being.
What hidden assumption supports the conclusion “Eating organic foods improves overall well-being”?
The hidden assumption is that organic foods are inherently healthier than non-organic foods, which may not always be the case.
Argument Map - Hidden Assumption
Premise 1: Attending college increases job prospects.
Premise 2: Higher job prospects lead to financial stability.
Conclusion: Therefore, attending college leads to financial stability.
What hidden assumption supports the conclusion “Attending college leads to financial stability”?
The hidden assumption is that attending college guarantees higher job prospects and financial stability, which may not be true for everyone.
Argument Map - Indirect Support
Premise 1: The library is open late on weekdays.
Premise 2: Many students study at the library.
Conclusion: Therefore, many students study late on weekdays.
What type of support do the premises “The library is open late on weekdays” and “Many students study at the library” provide to the conclusion “Many students study late on weekdays”?
Indirect support, because the premises together imply the conclusion without directly stating it.
Argument Map - Indirect Support #2
Premise 1: The company has increased its revenue every quarter.
Premise 2: The company continues to invest in new technology.
Conclusion: Therefore, the company’s financial future looks promising.
What type of support do the premises “The company has increased its revenue every quarter” and “The company continues to invest in new technology” provide to the conclusion “The company’s financial future looks promising”?
Indirect support, because the premises together suggest the conclusion without explicitly connecting the dots.
