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Exercise Prescription > Section 4 > Flashcards

Section 4 Flashcards

1
Q

chronic disease

A
  • > illness that is not contagious, of long duration that progresses slowly and is typically a result of genetics, environment, or lifestyle
  • CD pose a risk to reduce life expectancy
  • incorporating PA into your lifestyle reduces risk factors
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2
Q

non-modifiable risk factors of chronic disease

A

age
sex
ethnicity

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3
Q

mortality rates of cancer and infectious disease

A

mortality from infectious diseases have decreased
cancer rates are increased but mortality rates of cancer have decreased

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4
Q

% of older adults in nursing homes

A

7%
- > biases in the media make it seem higher

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5
Q

when was the peak of #of years living in a nursing home

A

of years in a nursing home peaked un 1996 and has been trending downward ever since
- > people are living longer, not necessarily better

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6
Q

average years older Canadians spend in sickness, disability and/or immobility

A

they spend their last 10 yeards in sickness, disability and/or immobility
- > however, more than 60% indicate living healthier is preferable to living longer

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7
Q

% of Canadians that would say that their doctor would consider them healthy

A

80%
- > however, looking at the 5 key risk factors for chronic disease, only 3% of north Americans meet all requirements

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8
Q

5 key risk factors for chronic disease

A
  • > inactivity
  • > smoking (the highest risk factor)
  • > poor diet
  • > stress
  • > excessive stress
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9
Q

how does the aging process affect body parameters

A

aging causes all parameters (aerobic capacity, muscle strength, glucose tolerance, ect) to DECREASE
- > fat mass will increase as you age

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10
Q

things you should consider during your pre-prescription assessment

A
  • > more resistance training than aerobic training has been shown to be beneficial in older populations
  • > vitals/consent/questionnaire
  • > MEDICATIONS
    *majority of medications will influence BP or HR
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11
Q

how many prescriptions are filled in NB every year

A

more than 12 million (not all are filled)
- > 65% of senior have 5 or more classes of medication drugs for multiple chronic conditions (one to help with side effects of another medication; and so on)

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12
Q

why do we prescribe so many older people BP medications

A

it doesn’t cost a lot to produce and it can help if they end up having heart attack, ect. also reduces impact on healthcare system if it reduces severity

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13
Q

safety considerations when working with older adults

A
  • > older adults have a lower proportion of total body water, thus they are more susceptible to dehydration
  • > older adults are more susceptible to injury from cold weather
  • > it is important to consider surface areas, slips and falls can be devastating for older adults and is very expensive for health care system
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14
Q

frailty

A

a state of increased vulnerability and functional impairment caused by cumulative declines across multiple systems

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15
Q

what us the best resource you can use for 65+ ppl physical assessments

A

Senior Fitness Test
- > it is valid and reliable
- > shows norms for 65+

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16
Q

% of Canadians that are at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD)

A

90% of canadians have at least one risk factor for heart and stroke while nearly 40% have 3+ risk factors
- > so high because there are so many different avenues you can take to get there
- > regular aerobic activity and increase aerobic fitness, endurance and CV function in most cases at risk of CVD, it also reduces impact oh heart, and decreases symptoms of angina

17
Q

angina

A

s a type of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart
- > Angina is a symptom of coronary artery disease.
- > Angina pain is often described as squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness or pain in the chest.

18
Q

intensity of exercise for older populations

A
  • > if HR from stress test is not available then be extremely conservative (HRrest +20bpm)
  • > if client has a pacemaker, stay 10bpm below limit
  • > light-moderate intensity training is more appropriate for aerobic and RT
19
Q

type 1 vs type 2 diabetes

A

Type 1
- > body does not produce any insulin (since birth)
Type 2 (develops)
- > body doesn’t produce enough insulin or doesn’t utilize it effectively

20
Q

why must you modify PA routines if someone is diebetic

A

exercise “acts as insulin” and naturally reduces blood sugar
- > if a diabetic already doesn’t produce enough insulin and we make them do HIIT then they’re probably go into diabetic shock or pass out
- > doesn’t act right away, maybe 2-4hrs after which is why diabetics don’t exercise at night so they don’t fall into a coma while they sleep

21
Q

typical blood sugar reading before exercise

A

should eat something (carbs) before exercise if BS is less than 5.5 (easily absorbed carbs)
- > delay exercise if BS is higher than 14mmol/L

22
Q

disability definition

A

the interaction between individuals with a health condition, personal and environemental factors

23
Q

frequency of disability in canada

A

4% of 15-24 y/o live with a disability in canada
42% of 75+

24
Q

Major factors that you should be aware of when working with people with disability

A
  • > get involved in disability in your community
  • > one person experiencing disability is NOT equal to someone with the same disability
  • > acknowledge what biases we hold
  • > while having physical access to aid/assistive devices is important, just be cause someone has one doesn’t automatically make their life better
25
Q

disability terminology

A

most appropriate is terminology USED BY THE CLIENT in describing the disability

26
Q

what do we recommend for prevention of weight gain, weight loss and prevention of weight regain

A

PA and Exercise

27
Q

effective weight management programs should include ________

A

an combination of
- > reducing sedentary behaviour
- > caloric restrictions
- > RT and Aerobic
- > nutrition

28
Q

weight loss of 0.5 - 1kg/week is advisable for _________

A
  • > preserving lean body mass
  • > avoiding a slowing of metabolism (especially when large amounts of weight is lost)
  • a modest approach to WL can help weight adherence and decrease likelihood of regain
29
Q

What should you consider when starting/creating a WL regiment

A
  • > calculate how many calories they need to survive (RMR) + their anthropometrics
  • > cut 500kcal from consumption or via exercise each day (3500kcal/week)
  • > amount of exercise and PA needed depends of the goal of the client (moderate WL = 150mins/week; vigorous WL = 250mins/week)
  • > add resistance to preserve lean body mass, increase the loss of fat mass, and prevent declines in metabolic rate
30
Q

Special considerations when creating a WL plan

A
  • > obese/overweight ppl are more likely to be unfit therefore many will benefit from low to moderate intensity PA at the start
  • > consider non-weight bearing activity’ pool or bike (consider an obese person and how they feel about going to pool)
  • > if client is reconditioned consider multiple bouts of aerobic activity (intensity comes after, they need some initial progress to that they’re motivated)
  • > WEIGHT IS A SENSITIVE ISSUE, BE SUPPORTIVE
31
Q

health improvements can be observed with small weight losses of ____________

A

2-3% of body weight
- > recommendation of WL is to aim for 5-10% of eight

32
Q

_____% of weight loss in biggest loser competition was regained after ___ years

A

70% after 6 years
- > 12% less than their original weight (consider RMR setpoint)
*in extreme WL, for every 1kg lost there is a 19kcal reduction in energy expenditure

33
Q

Arthritis

A

group of joint and bone disorders (most common is osteo; wear and tear of bone, and rheumatoid arthritis; inflammation of the joint)
- > 1/6 ppl 15+ have it (61 500 kids)
Safety
- > non weight bearing exercises
- > some soreness after exercise (referral if more than 2hrs of swelling)
- > early morning exercise is difficult for them

34
Q

Cancer

A

cells that don’t do their job; function is compromised
- > affects most ppl 50+, 1/3 cancer are related to lifestyle
- > energy varies throughout the day (consider making them workout when they’re exhausted)
- > swimming is not appropriate for those with cathedral, radiation therapy (skin sensitization)
- > getting them to workout in a public space if they’re sick and immunocompromised

35
Q

dementia

A

dementia is a category of cognitive impairments/diseases
- > 7% of people live with dementia
- > depression and anxiety are common amongst dementia patients so consider how this may affect their PA
- > medications for dementia increase HR
- > at high risk of falls; give caretakers a break when they come see you, MOODSWINGS

36
Q

mental health

A

consider their motivation
- > MH is only disclosed in more private settings or if it affects PA

37
Q

Respiratory disease

A

Asthma (prevalent in kids) and COPD (caused by smoking)
- > have an inhaler at all times
- > ensure proper warmup
- > avoid asthma triggers (cold air, smog, pollen)
- > rescue inhaler ready

38
Q

osteoporosis

A
  • > does not hurt; you can’t feel your symptoms
  • > typically diagnosed after a random break
  • > lower rates of OP in ppl with higher body weight as bones an joints naturally receive a greater load and bone density increases accordingly
  • > 1,5 million (10%) will be diagnosed; women at greater risk
    Safety
  • > no front bending
  • > no jumps w/frail individuals
  • > no twisting of spine

Exercise Prescription (5 decks)

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