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Section 3 Study Packet > Section 3 Study Packet > Flashcards

Section 3 Study Packet Flashcards

1
Q

How did Americans feel about their new president, Harry S Truman, after Franklin Roosevelt’s death on April 2, 1945?

A

He was a mystery to most Americans who knew little or nothing about him.

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2
Q

Why was communism so popular in Europe between 1935 and 1945?

A

Local communists had been the key opponents to Nazis.

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3
Q

The new prosperity that Americans enjoyed after World War II depended largely on

A

the globalization of the international economy.

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4
Q

What prompted the boom in higher education in postwar America?

A

Government-funded college tuition for veterans.

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5
Q

How did conservative citizens’ groups justify their opposition to the expansion of civil rights for African Americans?

A

They denounced civil rights reform as radical liberalism and communism.

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6
Q

Why did Medgar Evers receive death threats?

A

An African American, he tried to register to vote in Mississippi.

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7
Q

How did the G.I. Bill highlight racial inequality in American society?

A

Southern states had the choice not to offer G.I. Bill benefits at all.

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8
Q

Within the United States, the containment policy of Harry S Truman led to

A

a new red scare.

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9
Q

How did World War II change the course of history in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America?

A

It enabled the rise of revolutionary nationalism in countries that were parts of European colonial empires.

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10
Q

Which of the following was the most controversial element of President Harry S. Truman’s Fair Deal?

A

A comprehensive federal health insurance program.

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11
Q

Where did Time editor Whittaker Chambers hide the evidence of Alger Hiss’s espionage activities?

A

In a hollowed pumpkin on his Maryland farm.

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12
Q

In the years following the war, women were expected to move from their wartime identity as heroic “Rosie the riveters”

A

back to traditional roles.

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13
Q

The most significant civil rights achievement of president Harry S Truman was

A

the desegregation of the military.

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14
Q

Mao Zedong announced the communist People’s Republic of China in

A

1949

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15
Q

What impact did the news of Nazi racism and the Holocaust have on the racial hatred of southern whites in the United States after World War II?

A

It had very little demonstrable effect on their practice of Jim Crow.

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16
Q

Which of the following terms best characterize the 1950s?

A

affluence and simmering discontent

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17
Q

Suburban developments grew in postwar America because of

A

the assembly-line technologies of tract home construction.

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18
Q

What did parents and community leaders in America seem most concerned about during the 1950s?

A

juvenile delinquency

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19
Q

How did “beats” characterize postwar American culture?

A

They criticized the obsession with materialism and anticommunism.

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20
Q

Who was chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court when the case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas was decided in 1954?

A

Earl Warren

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21
Q

Why did Martin Luther King, Jr., Bayard Rustin, and Ralph Abernathy decide to form the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957?

A

They wanted to keep the momentum of the Montgomery bus boycott.

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22
Q

How did presidential candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower bolster his anticommunist credentials among right-wing Republicans in the 1952 election?

A

He selected the 38-year-old Senator Richard M. Nixon of California as his running mate.

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23
Q

How did the more responsible Republicans respond to the charges of Joseph McCarthy from Wisconsin about the communist infiltration of the State Department under President Truman?

A

They took advantage of his reckless political attacks.

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24
Q

The postwar baby boom in the United States is best understood as the result of

A

a result of rising prosperity.

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25
Q

What did the U.S. Supreme Court decided in the case of Shelly v. Kraemer (1948)?

A

Racial covenants excluding nonwhites from neighborhoods were not legal.

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26
Q

What contradictory trend did American women experience in the 1950s?

A

A growing number of women in the workplace, but a new celebration of traditional families.

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27
Q

How did the American media react to Elvis Presley’s meteoric rise in 1955?

A

They described his performances as vulgar and suggestive.

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28
Q

What impact did the African American fight against legal segregation in the South have on other nonwhites in the nation?

A

It inspired a broader soul-searching about inequality for all those seeking freedom.

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29
Q

Which political crisis of the 1950s highlighted the global web of connections and commitment that was forged by the demand for oil?

A

the Suez crisis

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30
Q

What brought out an angry mob in Little Rock, Arkansas, in September 1957?

A

Nine young African American students were attempting to enter Little Rock High school.

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31
Q

Which protest movement began with sit-ins at Greensboro and elsewhere in 1960?

A

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

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32
Q

What prompted the riots at the University of Mississippi in the fall of 1962?

A

Air Force veteran James Meredith wanted to become the first black student.

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33
Q

Which of the following was a consequence of the Cuban missile crisis?

A

Americans and Soviets set up a “hotline” between the White House and the Kremlin in case of future emergencies.

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34
Q

What effect did the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 have on national party politics?

A

It deepened the racial divide between the major parties.

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35
Q

In which of the following cases did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that government and local school boards could not demand prayers in public schools?

A

Engle v. Vitale (1962)

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36
Q

Who was greeted at Kennedy International Airport in New York by a mob of thousands of screaming teenage girls in February 1964?

A

the Beatles

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37
Q

What drove so many young people to the Black Power movement in the mid-1960s?

A

the slow progress of nonviolent disobedience

38
Q

Why did the Soviets build the Berlin Wall in August of 1961?

A

Each week more than 4,000 people fled East Berlin for the West.

39
Q

In his first State of the Union address in January 1964, President Johnson declared “unconditional war on

A

poverty.”

40
Q

Nearly all of the 34 dead at the Watts riots of August 1965 were

A

black.

41
Q

What drew young men and women to the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood in San Francisco during the Summer of Love in 1967?

A

drugs and music

42
Q

Where did the drug LSD first emerge?

A

in the U.S. military

43
Q

Which American president signed legislation bringing the Environmental Protection Agency into existence?

A

Richard M. Nixon

44
Q

The Job Corps in the Great Society of President Lyndon B. Johnson was modeled on

A

the Civilian Conservation Corps of the New Deal.

45
Q

Why did the American Indian Movement occupy the island of Alcatraz in San Francisco Bay in November 1969?

A

They demanded that the federal government turn over ownership of the land.

46
Q

Why did the United States government trust Ngo Dinh Diem?

A

His Roman Catholic faith and his American experience, officials thought, would make him a reliable ally.

47
Q

The Vietnam War led to all of the following, EXCEPT

A

the defeat of communism in Vietnam.

48
Q

Why did the U.S. Army drop over 1,000,000 pounds of defoliants on the forests of Vietnam?

A

to rob Vietcong and North Vietnamese fighters of their cover

49
Q

How did U.S. and South Vietnamese intelligence services interpret the massive increase of North Vietnamese forces in South Vietnam in December 1967

A

preparation for an assault on the Marine base of Khe Sanh

50
Q

Which position was the basis for Minnesota Senator Eugene McCarthy’s challenge to Johnson for the Democratic nomination in 1968?

A

opposition to the Vietnam War

51
Q

How did President Richard Nixon and his national security advisor Henry Kissinger conduct their foreign affairs?

A

in secret

52
Q

On what grounds did the U.S. Supreme Court declare abortion legal in 1973?

A

Whether to carry out a pregnancy was a woman’s private decision.

53
Q

What triggered Operation Rolling Thunder in February 1965?

A

NLF fighters had attacked the American air base at Pleiku.

54
Q

How did news of the My Lai massacre in Vietnam affect the antiwar movement in the United States?

A

Opposition to the war intensified.

55
Q

How did police respond to the protesters outside the Democratic National Convention in Chicago on August 28, 1968?

A

The police clubbed and tear-gassed the demonstrators outside the Hilton Hotel in downtown Chicago.

56
Q

As President Richard M. Nixon reduced troop levels in Vietnam in 1969, he also

A

increased the pace of bombing in South Vietnam and Cambodia.

57
Q

Who was in charge of President Nixon’s cover-up of the Watergate scandal?

A

John Dean

58
Q

Why did President Lyndon Johnson decided to “Americanize” the war in Vietnam in 1964?

A

He did not want to appear weak or soft.

59
Q

Why did Defense Department advisor Daniel Ellsberg leak copies of the Pentagon Papers to the New York Times in June 1971?

A

He wanted to broaden opposition to the war.

60
Q

Why did President Richard Nixon fire Archibald Cox?

A

Cox had asked Judge Sirica to order Nixon to provide him with the tapes.

61
Q

Why did President Jimmy Carter eliminate tax breaks for private schools like the “Christian academies” popular in the South?

A

They practiced racial discrimination.

62
Q

In foreign affairs, President Jimmy Carter voiced support for peaceful efforts to

A

replace the white regimes of South Africa and Rhodesia.

63
Q

Why did the Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein order his army to invade neighboring Iran in September 1980?

A

He wanted to seize Iran’s oil, water, and territory.

64
Q

At the same time that the first Congress under President Ronald Reagan cut federal income taxes by about 25 percent, lawmakers also voted to

A

increase military spending.

65
Q

Rulings by the Supreme Court in the late 1980s

A

made it harder to sue for job discrimination on grounds of race, sex, or age.

66
Q

Why did Congress cut off aid to the Nicaraguan Contras in 1982?

A

Congress learned that the Contras had killed thousands of civilians.

67
Q

What provoked the “English only” movement starting in the 1970s?

A

The combination of immigration and civil rights resulted in voting materials in foreign languages.

68
Q

What was a major cause for the disproportionate incarceration of black and Latino men from the 1980s onward?

A

New drug laws made their incarceration more likely.

69
Q

What did the 1986 Tax Reform Act do?

A

It closed many loopholes and tax shelters.

70
Q

How did Ronald Reagan’s Surgeon General C. Everett Koop defy the president’s call for less regulation?

A

He issued a series of reports highlighting the dangers of smoking.

71
Q

Which of the following was the most likely motivation behind Mikhail Gorbachev’s radical change of course for the Soviet Union after March 1985?

A

Socioeconomic problems in the Soviet Union.

72
Q

How did President Gerald Ford anger conservatives early in his presidency?

A

He appointed former New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller as vice president.

73
Q

Why were the 16 million added new jobs between 1982 and 1988 not as impressive as the number might suggest?

A

The new jobs in the service sector paid less than those lost in manufacturing.

74
Q

Upon his election, President Ronald Reagan pledged to

A

promote a conservative social ethic regarding sex and religion.

75
Q

The first woman on the U.S. Supreme Court was

A

Sandra Day O’Connor

76
Q

What prompted Congress to update the Clean Air and Water Act?

A

The pollution caused by the Exxon Valdez disaster.

77
Q

Why had the Reagan and Bush administrations not objected to Iraq’s acquisition of chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons during the 1980s?

A

They considered Iraq a useful counterweight to Iran.

78
Q

Which of the following national issues did Bill Clinton tackle most successfully?

A

Reducing the federal deficit.

79
Q

Why did labor unions strongly oppose the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1993?

A

They feared it would accelerate jobs moving to Mexico.

80
Q

Why did President Bill Clinton try to pressure the Taliban in Afghanistan to expel Osama Bin Laden in October 2000?

A

Al Qaeda commandos had blown a hole into the USS Cole in a harbor off the coast of Yemen.

81
Q

Which of the following significant civil rights reforms did President George H. W. Bush sign into law in 1990?

A

Americans with Disabilities Act

82
Q

During Clarence Thomas’s confirmation hearings, reports surfaced that he had sexually harassed an African American law professor, Anita Hill, when she worked for him

A

in the civil rights division of the Justice Department.

83
Q

Why had President Ronald Reagan ignored the drug-running and money-laundering activities of Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega?

A

He had let the CIA use his territory to funnel aid to the Nicaraguan Contras.

84
Q

What triggered the sharp economic downturn of 1992?

A

The savings and loans crisis.

85
Q

Like most economists at the time, Bill Clinton expected globalization to

A

increase wealth as it sped the flow of data and goods.

86
Q

What followed in the wake of Democratic tax increases in 1993?

A

Employment grew.

87
Q

In the wake of the November 2000 presidential election, Florida Governor Jeb Bush tried to

A

stop any recount.

88
Q

Why did President Bill Clinton order airstrikes on Al Qaeda headquarters in Afghanistan in 1998?

A

Because of the detonation of two truck bombs in front of U.S. embassies in Nairobi and Dar-es-Salaam.

89
Q

Where did the global positioning system (GPS) originate?

A

the military

90
Q

Why did a sizable minority of Americans vote for Ralph Nader in 2000?

A

They felt that Gore and Bush were identical centrists.

Section 3 Study Packet (2 decks)

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