Section 3: Security Architecture Principles Flashcards
Transport layer protocols
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Application layer (Layer 7)
Mediates between software applications and other layers of network services.
Protocol Data Unity (PDU): Data
Network layer protocols
- Internet Control Message (ICMP)
- Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
- Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
- Internet Protocol (IP)
Data link protocols
- Ethernet
- Fast Ethernet
- FDDI
- Token Ring
- Point-to-point protocol (PPP)
OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model
Is used to describe networking protocols. The OSI model defines groups of functionality required for network computer into layers.
Layers of the OSI model
- Application
- Presentation
- Session
- Transport
- Network
- Data Link
- Physical
Physical layer (Layer 1)
Manages signals among network systems.
Protocol Data Unity (PDU): Bits
Data link layer (Layer 2)
Divides data into frames that can be transmitted by the physical layer. The data link layer is concerned with local delivery of frames between nodes on the same level of the network and it does not cross the boundaries of a local area network.
Protocol Data Unity (PDU): Frame
Network layer (Layer 3)
Translates network addresses and routes data from sender to receiver.
Protocol Data Unity (PDU): Packet
Transport layer (Layer 4)
Ensures that data are transferred reliably in the correct sequence.
Protocol Data Unity (PDU): Segment
Session layer (Layer 5)
Coordinates and manages user connections.
Protocol Data Unity (PDU): Data
Presentation layer (Layer 6)
Formats, encrypts and compress data.
Protocol Data Unity (PDU): Data
Internet Control Message (ICMP)
A supporting protocol in the Internet protocol suite. It is used by network devices, including routers, to send error messages and operational information indicating, for example, that a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached. ICMP differs from transport protocols such as TCP and UDP in that it is not typically used to exchange data between systems, nor is it regularly employed by end-user network applications (with the exception of some diagnostic tools like ping and traceroute).
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
A communication protocol used for discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address, associated with a given internet layer address, typically an IPv4 address.
In Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) networks, the functionality of ARP is provided by the Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP).
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP)
An obsolete computer networking protocol used by a client computer to request its Internet Protocol (IPv4) address from a computer network, when all it has available is its link layer or hardware address, such as a MAC address
Internet Protocol (IP)
The principal communications protocol in the Internet protocol suite for relaying datagrams across network boundaries. Its routing function enables internetworking, and essentially establishes the Internet.
IP has the task of delivering packets from the source host to the destination host solely based on the IP addresses in the packet headers. For this purpose, IP defines packet structures that encapsulate the data to be delivered. It also defines addressing methods that are used to label the datagram with source and destination information.