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CompTia Network + > -Section 3: OSI Model > Flashcards

-Section 3: OSI Model Flashcards

1
Q

OSI

A

Open Systems Interconnection (7 Layers)

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2
Q

What are the OSI Model/Stack seven layers

A
  1. Physical (Please)
  2. Data Link (Do)
  3. Network (Not)
  4. Transport (Throw)
  5. Session (Sausage)
  6. Presentation (Pizza)
  7. Application (Away)
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3
Q

OSI Model Layer 1

A

Physical

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4
Q

OSI Model Layer 2

A

Data Link

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5
Q

OSI Model Layer 3

A

Network

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6
Q

OSI Model Layer 4

A

Transport

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7
Q

OSI Model Layer 5

A

Session

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8
Q

OSI Model Layer 6

A

Presentation

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9
Q

OSI Model Layer 7

A

Application

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10
Q

MAC Address

A

Media Access Control Address - 48-bit Hexadecimal address assigned to NIC. First 24 bits represent vendor code, second 24 bits are a unique value.

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11
Q

Layer 1 (Physical) Examples

A

Cables (Ethernet, Fiber); RF (WiFi, Bluetooth); Infrastructure (Hub, WAP, Media Converter)

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12
Q

Layer 2 (Data Link) Examples

A

NIC; Bridges; Switches

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13
Q

LLC

A

Logical Link Control - sublayer of Data Link (Layer 2) that controls synchronization, multiplexing, flow control and error-checking.

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14
Q

Layer 3 (Network)

A

▪ Forwards Traffic with Logical Address (IP)
▪ Logical addressing
▪ Switching (Not Switches. Switches are Layer 2).
▪ Route Discovery and Selection
▪ Connection Services (Augments Layer 2 for improved reliability) - a.) Flow Control; b.) Packet reordering - supports sending packets over multiple links and routes.

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15
Q

Layer 3 (Network) Examples

A

▪ Routers
▪ Multilayer switches (Functions as Switch and Router)
▪ IPv4 protocol
▪ IPv6 protocol
▪ Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

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16
Q

Layer 4 (Transport)

A

▪ Dividing line between upper and lower layers
▪ Data is sent as segments
▪ TCP/UDP
▪ Windowing
▪ Buffering

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17
Q

TCP (Layer 4 Transport)

A

Transmission Control Protocol
▪ Connection-oriented protocol
▪ Reliable transport of segments- If segment dropped,
detects and resends
▪ Acknowledgements received for successful communications.

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18
Q

UDP (Layer 4 Transport)

A

▪ Connectionless protocol
▪ Unreliable transport of segments
▪ No retransmission
▪ Good for audio/video streaming
▪ Lower overhead for increased performance

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19
Q

Layer 4 (Transport) Examples

A

▪ TCP
▪ UDP
▪ WAN Accelerators
▪ Load Balancers
▪ Firewalls

20
Q

TCP Windowing

A

Adjusts to send more/less data per segment based on retransmissions.

21
Q

Layer 5 (Session)

A

▪ Setting up sessions
▪ Maintaining sessions
▪ Tearing down sessions

22
Q

Layer 5 (Session) Setting Up a Session

A

▪ Check user credentials
▪ Assign numbers to session to identify them
▪ Negotiate services needed for session
▪ Negotiate who begins sending data

23
Q

Layer 5 (Session) Maintaining a Session

A

▪ Transfer the data
▪ Reestablish a disconnected session
▪ Acknowledging receipt of data

24
Q

Layer 5 (Session) Tearing Down a Session

A

▪ Mutual - After the transfer is done
▪ Other party disconnecting

25
Q

Layer 5 (Session) Examples

A

▪ H.323 - Setup, maintain, and tear down a voice/video
▪ NetBIOS - Share files over a network

26
Q

Layer 6 (Presentation)

A

▪ Functions (App Services, Service Advertisement)
▪ Data formatting
▪ Encryption

27
Q

Layer 6 (Presentation) Examples

A

▪ HTML, XML, PHP, JavaScript, …
▪ ASCII, EBCDIC, UNICODE, …
▪ GIF, JPG, TIF, SVG, PNG, …
▪ MPG, MOV, …
▪ TLS, SSL, …

28
Q

Layer 7 (Application)

A

▪ Provides application-level services (Low level apps like File Transfer, Network Transfer,… Not Word, NotePad,…)
▪ Layer where users communicate with the computer
▪ Application Services and Services Advertisement

29
Q

Packet Switching - Layer 3 (Network)

A

AKA Routing - Data is divided into packets and forwarded

30
Q

Circuit Switching - Layer 3 (Network)

A

Dedicated comm. link path

31
Q

Message Switching - Layer 3 (Network)

A

Similar to Packet Switching except packets can be stored before forwarded.

32
Q

Layer 3 (Network) Route Discovery and Selection

A

Router Protocols - RIP; OSPF; EIGRP

33
Q

ICMP (Layer 3 - Network)

A

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
▪ Used to send error messages and operational information about an IP destination
▪ Not regularly used by end-user applications
▪ Used in troubleshooting (ping and traceroute)

34
Q

Layer 7 (Application) - Application Services

A

Application services unite communication components from more than one network application.
(E.g., File transfers and File Sharing, e-Mail, Remote Access, Network Management, Client/Server processes.)

35
Q

Layer 7 (Application) - Service Advertisement

A

Some applications send announcements about services they offer, some register with AD instead. (e.g. printer, file server).

36
Q

Layer 7 (Application) -

A

▪ E-mail (POP3, IMAP, SMTP)
▪ Web Browsing (HTTP, HTTPS)
▪ Domain Name Service (DNS)
▪ File Transfer Protocol (FTP, FTPS)
▪ Remote Access (TELNET, SSH)
▪ Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

37
Q

TCP/IP Model

A

AKA TCP/IP Stack or DoD Model. Alternative to OSI Model that offers network designers a more relevant model since it is based on TCP/IP and only has 4 layers.

38
Q

TCP/IP Model Layer 1 (Network Interface)

A

Incorporates features of OSI Layers 1 (Physical) and 2 (Data Link)
Physical and Electrical Characteristics; How to transmit bits; How the interface uses the medium.

39
Q

TCP/IP Model Layer 2 (Internet)

A

Similar to OSI Layer 3 (Network)
▪ Packages data into IP datagrams
- Contains source and destination IPs
- Forwards datagrams between hosts across the networks
▪ Routes IP datagrams across networks
▪ Connectivity occurs externally

40
Q

TCP/IP Model Layer 2 (Internet) - Examples

A

▪ IP - Internet Protocol
▪ ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol (network devices use to communicate problems with data transmission - Number 1 use is reporting errors.)
▪ ARP - Address Resolution Protocol (IP address to MAC address)
▪ RARP - Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (MAC Address to IP address)

41
Q

ICMP

A

Internet Control Message Protocol - Network devices use to communicate problems with data transmission - Number one use is reporting errors.

42
Q

ARP

A

Address Resolution Protocol - IP address to MAC address. (Layer 2 - Data Link to Layer 3 - Network Layer)

43
Q

RARP

A

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol - MAC Address to IP address. (Layer 3 - Network to Layer 2 - Data Link)

44
Q

TCP/IP Model Layer 3 (Transport)

A

Similar to OSI Layer 4 (Transport)
▪ Provides communication session management between hosts
▪ Defines level of service and status of connection used for transport

45
Q

TCP/IP Model Layer 3 (Transport) - Examples

A

▪ TCP
▪ UDP
▪ RTP

46
Q

TCP/IP Model Layer 4 (Application)

A

Combined features of OSI Layers 5 (Session), 6 (Presentation), and 7 (Application)
▪ Defines TCP/IP application protocols
▪ Defines how programs interface with the transport layer service
▪ Layer with which the user interacts

47
Q

TCP/IP Model Layer 4 (Application) - Examples

A

▪ HTTP, TELNET, FTP, SNMP, DNS, SMTP, SSL, TLS, …

CompTia Network + (13 decks)

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