Section 3: Organic Chemistry Flashcards
what is a homologous series?
A series of compounds with similar chemical properties and showing a trend in physical properties
what is a hydrocarbon?
a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms
what does it mean if a compound is saturated?
it contains only single bonds
what does it mean if a molecule is unsaturated?
it contains at least one double or triple bond
what is the general formula of alkanes?
C(n)H(2n+2)
what is the general formula of alkenes?
C(n)H(2n)
what is an isomerism?
the occurrence of molecules with the same molecular formula but different displayed and structural formulae
what is the name given to an alkane with 1 carbon atom?
methane
what is the name given to an alkane with 2 carbon atoms?
ethane
what is the name given to an alkane with 3 carbon atoms?
propane
what is the name given to an alkane with 4 carbon atoms?
butane
what is the name given to an alkane with 5 carbon atoms?
pentane
what is a side chain consisting of 1 carbon atom and 3 hydrogen atoms called?
methyl
what is a side chain consisting of 2 carbon atoms and 5 hydrogen atoms called?
ethyl
describe halogenation of ethane with chlorine
in the presence of UV light a substitution reaction occurs producing chloroethane and hydrogen chloride
how do you test for alkenes?
Add bromine water and it will decolourise in the presence of alkenes but not alkanes as will form a bromoalkene (addition reaction)
State three changes that occur in the formation of an addition polymer from its monomer
1) many monomers join up
2) double bond becomes single bond
3) increase in chain length
State the condition that causes incomplete combustion
Insufficient oxygen
What is a monomer?
A molecule used to make a polymer
What is meant by the term biodegrade?
Decomposition by bacteria
What are the conditions required for fermentation?
1) 30C
2) yeast catalyst
What is the starting material used in fermentation?
Sugars (e.g. glucose)
What is the equation for fermentation?
Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide
C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
What is the starting product used in the hydration of ethene?
Ethene from crude oil
What are the conditions required for the hydration of ethene?
1) 300C
2) phosphoric acid catalyst
3) 65 atm
What is the equation for the hydration of ethene?
Ethene + steam —> ethanol
C2H4 + H2O —> C2H5OH
Advantages of fermentation over hydration of ethene
1) uses renewable resources
2) uses atmospheric pressure
3) works at a low temperature
Advantages of hydration of ethene over fermentation
1) no carbon dioxide produced so less pollution
2) faster reaction
3) produces purer ethanol
What is the equation for the dehydration of ethanol?
Ethanol —> ethene + water
C2H5OH —> C2H4 + H2O
What are the conditions required for the dehydration of ethanol?
Heat and an aluminium oxide catalyst
give the full name of PVC
poly(chloroethene)
what temperature does the hydration of ethene require?
300C
what catalyst does the hydration of ethene require?
phosphoric acid catalyst
what pressure does the hydration of ethene require?
65atm
what catalyst does the dehydration of ethene require?
aluminium oxide
