Section 3: Organic Chemistry

Question 1

what is a homologous series?

Answer 1

A series of compounds with similar chemical properties and showing a trend in physical properties

Question 2

what is a hydrocarbon?

Answer 2

a compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms

Question 3

what does it mean if a compound is saturated?

Answer 3

it contains only single bonds

Question 4

what does it mean if a molecule is unsaturated?

Answer 4

it contains at least one double or triple bond

Question 5

what is the general formula of alkanes?

Answer 5

C(n)H(2n+2)

Question 6

what is the general formula of alkenes?

Answer 6

C(n)H(2n)

Question 7

what is an isomerism?

Answer 7

the occurrence of molecules with the same molecular formula but different displayed and structural formulae

Question 8

what is the name given to an alkane with 1 carbon atom?

Answer 8

methane

Question 9

what is the name given to an alkane with 2 carbon atoms?

Answer 9

ethane

Question 10

what is the name given to an alkane with 3 carbon atoms?

Answer 10

propane

Question 11

what is the name given to an alkane with 4 carbon atoms?

Answer 11

butane

Question 12

what is the name given to an alkane with 5 carbon atoms?

Answer 12

pentane

Question 13

what is a side chain consisting of 1 carbon atom and 3 hydrogen atoms called?

Answer 13

methyl

Question 14

what is a side chain consisting of 2 carbon atoms and 5 hydrogen atoms called?

Answer 14

ethyl

Question 15

describe halogenation of ethane with chlorine

Answer 15

in the presence of UV light a substitution reaction occurs producing chloroethane and hydrogen chloride

Question 16

how do you test for alkenes?

Answer 16

Add bromine water and it will decolourise in the presence of alkenes but not alkanes as will form a bromoalkene (addition reaction)

Question 17

State three changes that occur in the formation of an addition polymer from its monomer

Answer 17

1) many monomers join up
2) double bond becomes single bond
3) increase in chain length

Question 18

State the condition that causes incomplete combustion

Answer 18

Insufficient oxygen

Question 19

What is a monomer?

Answer 19

A molecule used to make a polymer

Question 20

What is meant by the term biodegrade?

Answer 20

Decomposition by bacteria

Question 21

What are the conditions required for fermentation?

Answer 21

1) 30C

2) yeast catalyst

Question 22

What is the starting material used in fermentation?

Answer 22

Sugars (e.g. glucose)

Question 23

What is the equation for fermentation?

Answer 23

Glucose —> ethanol + carbon dioxide

C6H12O6 —> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

Question 24

What is the starting product used in the hydration of ethene?

Answer 24

Ethene from crude oil

Question 25

What are the conditions required for the hydration of ethene?

Answer 25

1) 300C 2) phosphoric acid catalyst 3) 65 atm

Question 26

What is the equation for the hydration of ethene?

Answer 26

Ethene + steam —> ethanol | C2H4 + H2O —> C2H5OH

Question 27

Advantages of fermentation over hydration of ethene

Answer 27

1) uses renewable resources 2) uses atmospheric pressure 3) works at a low temperature

Question 28

Advantages of hydration of ethene over fermentation

Answer 28

1) no carbon dioxide produced so less pollution 2) faster reaction 3) produces purer ethanol

Question 29

What is the equation for the dehydration of ethanol?

Answer 29

Ethanol —> ethene + water | C2H5OH —> C2H4 + H2O

Question 30

What are the conditions required for the dehydration of ethanol?

Answer 30

Heat and an aluminium oxide catalyst

Question 31

give the full name of PVC

Answer 31

poly(chloroethene)

Question 32

what temperature does the hydration of ethene require?

Answer 32

300C

Question 33

what catalyst does the hydration of ethene require?

Answer 33

phosphoric acid catalyst

Question 34

what pressure does the hydration of ethene require?

Answer 34

65atm

Question 35

what catalyst does the dehydration of ethene require?

Answer 35

aluminium oxide