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GCSE Chemistry > Section 3: Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Section 3: Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

Compounds in the same homologous series have the same general formula and similar chemical properties.

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2
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

A compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

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3
Q

What does saturated mean?

A

A saturated atom has bonded as many times as possible.

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4
Q

What does unsaturated mean?

A

An unsaturated atom can bond more times.

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5
Q

What is the general formula?

A

The most simplified the ratio of molecules can be

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6
Q

What is isomerism?

A

Isomers have the same molecular formula, but different displayed formulas (structure).

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7
Q

What is the general formula of an alkane?

A

CnH2n+2

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8
Q

What are the first five straight-chain alkanes?

A

methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane

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9
Q

What are the products of the complete combustion of alkanes?

A

carbon dioxide and water

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10
Q

What are the products of the incomplete combustion of alkanes?

A

carbon monoxide and water

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11
Q

Describe the substitution reaction of methane and bromine.

A

Under UV light, bromine and methane will form bromomethane.
CH4 + Br2 –> CH3Br + HBr
This is a substitution reaction because bromine has taken the place of the hydrogen atom.

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12
Q

What is the general formula of an alkene?

A

CnH2n

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13
Q

What are the first four straight-chain alkenes?

A

ethene, propene, butene, pentene

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14
Q

Describe the addition reaction of alkenes with bromine.

A

An alkene will make its double bond into a single bond, to bond to two bromines. Bromine is added to the molecule. The product made is colourless. If you add alkenes to bromine water, it will turn colourless, as it reacts with the alkenes.

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15
Q

Describe the manufacture of ethanol by using ethene and steam.

A

C2H4 + H2O –> C2H5OH

Phosphoric acid catalyst, temperature of 300 degrees C, and pressure of 60-70atm

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16
Q

Describe the manufacture of ethanol by the fermentation of sugars

A

Ethanol can be made by the anaerobic respiration of microorganisms.
glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide
This happens at 30 degrees.

17
Q

Evaluate the manufacture of ethanol by hydration of ethene

A

Crude oil (cracked to make ethene) expensive/ non-renewable
Fast process
Pure product
Continuous reaction

18
Q

Evaluate the manufacture of ethanol by fermentation

A

Cane sugar widely available/ cheap/ renewable
Slow process
Impurities in the product
Done in batches

19
Q

Describe the dehydration of ethanol to ethene using aluminium oxide

A

C2H5OH > C2H4 + H2O

aluminium oxide is the catalyst for this reaction.

GCSE Chemistry (5 decks)

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