Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neurology USMLE Step 3 > Section 3: Headache and Dizziness/Vertigo > Flashcards

Section 3: Headache and Dizziness/Vertigo Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Triggers of Migraine headache

A
  • Cheese
  • Caffeine
  • Menstruation
  • Oral contraceptive

Fischer, Conrad (2012-09-22). Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3 (Kindle Location 7087). . Kindle Edition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

List the symptoms that may precede a migraine headache

A
  • Aura of bright flashing lights
  • Scotomata
  • Abnormal smells

Fischer, Conrad (2012-09-22). Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3 (Kindle Locations 7088-7089). . Kindle Edition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Indications for CT scan in migraine

A
  • Sudden and/ or severe
  • Onset after age 40
  • Associated with focal neurological findings

Fischer, Conrad (2012-09-22). Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3 (Kindle Location 7092). . Kindle Edition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Best initial (abortive) therapy for migraine headache

Fischer, Conrad (2012-09-22). Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3 (Kindle Locations 7093-7094). . Kindle Edition.

A
  • Sumatriptan or
  • Ergotamine.

Fischer, Conrad (2012-09-22). Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3 (Kindle Locations 7093-7094). . Kindle Edition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the indication for the prophylactic Rx of migraine headache

A

When the patient has 4 or more headaches per month

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Medications for prophylactic Rx of migraine

A

Beta blockers (propranolol)

Calcium channel blockers (CCB)

Tricyclic antidepressants

SSRIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cluster headaches (CH) are 10 times more in men than in women. List the CF of CH

A
  • Exclusively unilateral
  • Redness of the eye
  • Tearing of the eye
  • Rhinorrhea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Differentiate between migraine and cluster headache

A

Headache Type Migraine Cluster
Gender Much more common in men
Presentation Unilateral or bilateral
Aura Only unilateral
Tearing or redness of eye; rhinorrhea
No aura
Abortive Sumatiptan Sumatiptan
Special: 100% oxygen
Prophylactic Propranolol None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CF of temporal arteritis

A
  • Tenderness of the temporal area
  • Jaw claudication

Fischer, Conrad (2012-09-22). Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3 (Kindle Locations 7135-7140). . Kindle Edition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Diagnostic tests in temporal arteritis

A
  • Testing Sedimentation rate (ESR)
  • Most accurate test: Temporal artery biopsy

Fischer, Conrad (2012-09-22). Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3 (Kindle Locations 7135-7140). . Kindle Edition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Best initial test in temporal arteritis

A

Give steroids first and fast if these are available. A delay may result in permanent vision loss.

Fischer, Conrad (2012-09-22). Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3 (Kindle Locations 7135-7140). . Kindle Edition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Presentation and CF of Pseudomotor cerebri

A
  • Look for an obese young woman
  • Headache
  • Double vision
  • Papilledema
  • CT/ MRI is normal
  • Vitamin A use is suggestive
  • Pseudotumor = Headache plus: • Sixth nerve palsy • Visual field loss • Transiently obscure vision • Pulsutile tinnitus

Fischer, Conrad (2012-09-22). Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3 (Kindle Locations 7141-7149). . Kindle Edition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most accurate test for pseudomotor cerebri

A

LP with measurement of the opening pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Rx of pseudomotor cerebri

A
  • Weight loss
  • Acetazolamide
  • Surgery if they fail: VP shunt, optic nerve sheath fenestration

Fischer, Conrad (2012-09-22). Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3 (Kindle Locations 7153-7155). . Kindle Edition.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CF of vertigo

A
  • Room spinning
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Nystagmus (horizontal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Best initial diagnostic test for vertigo

A

MRI of the internal auditory canal

17
Q

DD of diziness/vertigo with hearing loss/tinnitus

  1. Which of these is associated with trauma
  2. Which of these is associated with ataxia
A

Labyrinthitis

Meniere’s disease

Acoustic neuroma

Perilymph fistula

  1. Perilymph fistula
  2. Acoustic neuroma
18
Q

Diagnosis:

  • Vertigo, changes position
  • No hearing loss
  • No tinnitus
  • No ataxia
  • Possible positive Dix-Hallpix maneuver

Rx of above condition

A

Benign positional vertigo

Meclizine

19
Q

Diagnosis:

  • Vertigo, occurs without change in position
  • Dizziness
  • No hearing loss
  • No tinnitus

Rx of above condition

A

Vestibular neuritis

Meclizine

20
Q

Diagnosis:

  • Vertigo
  • Dizziness
  • Hearing loss
  • Tinnitus
  • Acute onset

Rx of above condition

A

Labyrinthitis

Self-limited; may be treated with meclizine

21
Q

Diagnosis:

  • Vertigo
  • Dizziness
  • Hearing loss
  • Tinnitus
  • Chronic onset with remitting and relapsing episodes

Rx of above condition

A

Meniere’s disease

Salt restrictions and diuretics

22
Q

Diagnosis:

  • Vertigo
  • Dizziness
  • Hearing loss
  • Tinnitus
  • Ataxia

Diagnostic test for above condition

Rx of above condition

What condition can be related to above diagnosis

A

Acoustic neuroma

MRI of the internal auditory canal

Surgical resection of the tumor

Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen’s disease)

23
Q

Diagnosis:

  • Vertigo, occurs without change in position
  • Dizziness
  • Hearing loss
  • Tinnitus
  • Associated with head trauma
A

Perilymph fistula

24
Q

CF of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A
  • History of chronic heavy alcohol use
  • Confusion with confabulation
  • Ataxia
  • Memory loss
  • Gaze palsy/ ophthalmoplegia
  • Nystagmus

Fischer, Conrad (2012-09-22). Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3 (Kindle Locations 7210-7216). . Kindle Edition.

25
Q

Minimum diagnostic tests to carry out in a patient with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A
  • Head CT
  • B12 level
  • Thyroid function (T4/ TSH)
  • RPR or VDRL

Fischer, Conrad (2012-09-22). Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3 (Kindle Locations 7210-7216). . Kindle Edition.

26
Q

Rx for Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A
  • Thiamine. Acutely, give IV dose; then may switch to oral
  • Also give glucose with thiamine, but administer thiamine first, then glucose.

Fischer, Conrad (2012-09-22). Master the Boards: USMLE Step 3 (Kindle Locations 7210-7216). . Kindle Edition.

Neurology USMLE Step 3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions