Section 3 - Emergency Procedures

Question 0

Definitions - Land as soon as practical

Answer 0

Land at the nearest airport or other facility where emergency maintenance may be performed.

Question 1

Definition - Land Immediately

Answer 1

Land on the nearest clear area where a safe normal landing can be performed. Be prepared to enter autorotation during the approach, if required

Question 2

Power Failure - General

3 Steps, 2 Notes

Answer 2

1. A power failure may be caused by either an engine or drive system failure and will usually be indicated by the low RPM horn.
2. An Engine failure may be indicated by a change in noise leve, nose left yaw, oile pressure light, or decreasing engine RPM.
3. A drive system failure may be indicated by an unusual noise or vibration, nose right or left yaw, or decreasing rotor RPM while engine RPM is increasing.
   Caution - Aft cyclic is required when collective is lowered at high speed and forward CG.
   Caution - Avoid using aft cyclic during touchdown or during ground slide to prevent possible blade strike to tailcone.

Question 3

Power Failure Above 500 FT AGL

8 Steps,1 Note

Answer 3

1. Lower collective immediately to maintain RPM and enter normal autorotation.
2. Establish a steady glide at approx. 65 KIAS
3. Adjust collective to keep RPM in green arc or apply full down collective if light weight prevents attaining 97%.
4. Select landing spot and if altitude permits, maneuver so landing will be into the wind.
5. A restart may be attempted at pilots discretion if sufficient time is available.
6. If unable to restart, turn off unnecessary switches and shut off fuel.
7. At about 40ft AGL, begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of decent and forward speed.
8. At about 8ft AGL, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing. Touchdown in level attitude with nose straight ahead.

Note - If power failure occurs at night, do not turn on landing lights above 1000 feet AGL to preserve battery power.

Question 4

Power Failure Between 8 FT and 500 FT AGL

5 Steps

Answer 4

1. Takeoff operation should be conducted per the Height-Velocity Diagram in Section 5.
2. If power failure occurs, lower collective immediately to maintain rotor RPM.
3. Adjust collective to keep RPM in green arc or apply full down if light weight prevents attaining above 97%.
4. Maintain airspeed until ground is approached, then begin cyclic flare to reduce rate of descent and forward speed.
5. At about 8 feet AGL, apply forward cyclic to level ship and raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing.
   Touch down with skids level and nose straight ahead.

Question 5

Power Failure Below 8 Ft. AGL

3 Steps

Answer 5

1. Apply right pedal as required to prevent yawing
2. Allow aircraft to settle.
3. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing.

Question 6

Maximum Glide Distance Configuration

3 Steps, 1 Caution

Answer 6

1. Airspeed approximately 75 KIAS
2. Rotor RPM approximately 90%
3. Best glide ratio 4:1 or one nautical mile per 1,500 ft AGL.
   Caution - Increase rotor RPM to 97% minimum when autorotating below 500 ft. AGL.

Question 7

Air Restart Procedure

4 Steps, 1 Caution

Answer 7

1. Mixture - full rich.
2. Primer (if installed) - down and locked.
3. Throttle - closed, then cracked slightly
4. Actuate starter with left hand.
   Caution - Do not attempt restart if engine malfunction is suspected or before safe autorotation is established.

Question 8

Ditching Power Off

3 Steps

Answer 8

1. Perform same procedures as for power failure over land until contacting water.
   2 Apply lateral cyclic when aircraft contacts water to stop blades from rotating.
2. Release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when blades stop rotating.

Question 9

Ditching - Power On

9 Steps

Answer 9

1. Descend to hover above water.
2. Unlatch doors.
3. Passenger exit aircraft.
4. Fly to safe distance from passenger to avoid possible injury by blades.
5. Switch Off - Battery and Alternator.
   6 Roll throttle off into overtravel spring.
6. Keep aircraft level and apply full collective as aircraft contacts water.
7. Apply left lateral cyclic to stop blades from rotating.
8. Release seat belt and quickly clear aircraft when blades stop rotating.

Question 10

Loss Of Tail Rotor Thrust During Forward Flight.

4 Steps, 1 Note

Answer 10

1. Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be corrected by applying left pedal.
2. Immediately enter autorotation.
3. Maintain at least 70 KIAS airspeed if practical.
4. Select landing site, roll throttle off into overtravel spring and perform autorotation landing.

Note - When a suitable landing site is not available, the vertical fin may permit limited controlled flight at very low power settings and airspeeds above 70 KIAS; however, prior to reducing airspeed, re-enter full autorotation.

Question 11

Loss of Tail Rotor Thrust During Hover

3 Steps

Answer 11

1. Failure is usually indicated by nose right yaw which cannot be stopped by applying left pedal.
2. Immediately roll throttle off into overtravel spring and allow aircraft to settle.
3. Raise collective just before touchdown to cushion landing.

Question 12

Engine Fire During Start On Ground

5 Steps

Answer 12

1. Cranking - Continue and attempt to start which would suck flames and excess fuel through carburetor into engine.
2. If engine starts, run at 50-60% RPM for a short time, shut down, and inspect for damage.
3. If engine fails to start, shut off fuel and master battery switch.
4. Extinguish fire with fire extinguisher, wool blanket, or dirt.
5. Inspect for damage.

Question 13

Fire In Flight

6 Steps

Answer 13

1. Enter autorotation.
2. Master battery switch - Off (if time permits).
3. Cabin heat - Off (if installed and time permits).
4. Cabin vent - On (if time permits).
5. If engine is running, perform normal landing and immediately shut off fuel valve.
6. If engine stops running, shut off fuel valve and execute autorotation landing as described.

Question 14

Electrical Fire In Flight

4 Steps, 1 Caution

Answer 14

1. Master battery switch - Off.
2. Alt switch - Off.
3. Land immediately.
4. Extinguish fire and inspect for damage.

Caution - Low RPM warning system and governor and inoperative with master battery and alternator switches both off.

Question 15

Tachometer Failure

1 Step, 1 Note

Answer 15

If rotor or engine tach malfunctions in flight, use remaining tach to monitor RPM. If it is not clear which tach is malfunctioning or if both tachs malfunction, allow governor to control RPM and land as soon as practical.

Note - Each tach, the governor, and the low RPM warning horn are on separate circuits.
Either the battery or the alternator can independently supply power to the tachs.
A special circuit allows the battery to supply power to the tachs even if the master batter switch is off.

Question 16

Governor Failure

Answer 16

If the engine RPM governor malfunctions, grip throttle firmly to override the governor, then switch governor off. Complete flight using manual throttle control.