Section 3 - Definitions Flashcards
Alternating Current Field Measurement
ACFM
A physical change in any component that has design implications that affect the pressure-containing capability of a pressure vessel beyond the scope described in existing data reports.
alteration
What should not be considered as alterations?
a) any comparable or duplicate replacement
b) the addition of any reinforced nozzle less than or equal to the size of existing reinforced nozzles
c) the addition of nozzles not requiring reinforcement
The code, code section, or other recognized and generally accepted engineering standard or practice to which the pressure vessel was built or which is deemed by the owner/user or the engineer to be most appropriate for the situation.
applicable construction code
Approval/agreement to perform a specific activity (e.g. Repair) prior to the activity being performed.
authorization
Who can be an authorized inspection agency?
a) The inspection organization of the jurisdiction in which the pressure vessel is used.
b) The inspection organization of an insurance company that is licensed or registered to write and does write pressure vessel insurance.
c) The inspection organization of an owner/user of pressure vessels who maintains an inspection organization for his equipment only and not for vessels intended for sale or resale.
d) An independent organization or individual that is under contract to and under the direction of an owner/user and that is recognized or otherwise not prohibited by the jurisdiction in which the pressure vessel is used.
What shall provide the controls that are necessary when contract inspectors are used?
Owner/User’s Inspection Program
An employee of an authorized inspection agency who is qualified and certified to perform inspections under this inspection code.
authorized pressure vessel inspector
A nondestructive (NDE) examiner is not required to be an authorized pressure vessel inspector.
This is true.
Pressure vessels used in a common circumstance of service, pressure and risk.
class of vessel
Designated areas on pressure vessels where periodic examinations are conducted.
condition monitoring locations (CMLs)
The code or standard a vessel was originally built to.
construction code
Any welding technique used to obtain controlled grain refinement and tempering of the underlying heat affected zone (HAZ) in the base metal.
controlled-deposition welding
A controlled-deposition welding technique that involves tempering of the layer below the current bead being deposited.
temper-bead technique
A controlled-deposition welding technique requiring removal of one-half of the first layer.
half-bead technique
The rate of metal loss due to the reaction(s) with its environment.
corrosion rate
A person, acceptable to the owner/user, who has knowledge and experience in corrosion damage mechanisms, metallurgy, materials selection, and corrosion monitoring techniques.
corrosion specialist
An imperfection, whose type or size, exceeds the applicable acceptance criteria.
defect
The temperature used in the design of the pressure vessel per the applicable construction code.
design temperature
Records containing descriptions of specific training, inspection, NDE, and pressure testing activities, or procedures for undertaking these activities.
documentation
A person who assists the inspector by performing specific nondestructive examination (NDE) on pressure vessel components but does not evaluate the results of those examinations in accordance with API 510, unless specifically trained and authorized to do so by the owner/user.
examiner
A visual inspection performed from the outside of a pressure vessel to find conditions that could impact the vessel’s ability to maintain pressure integrity or conditions that compromise the integrity of the supporting structures (e.g. ladders, platforms). This inspection may be done either while the vessel is operating or while the vessel is out-of-service.
external inspection
A methodology whereby flaws and conditions contained within an equipment item are assessed in order to determine the integrity of the equipment for continued service.
fitness-for-service evaluation
Corrosion that is distributed more or less uniformly over the surface of the metal.
general corrosion
A point in the repair or alteration process beyond which work may not proceed until the required inspection or NDE has been performed or documented.
hold point
Flaws or other discontinuities noted during inspection that may or may not exceed the applicable acceptance criteria.
imperfections
A response or evidence resulting from the application of a nondestructive examination.
indications
A person who possesses an ultrasonic shear wave qualification from API (e.g. API-QUTE) or an equivalent qualification approved by the owner/user.
industry-qualified UT shear wave examiner
Designates a pressure vessel that has been placed in operation as opposed to new construction prior to being placed in service or retired vessels.
in-service
A pressure vessel not in operation due to an outage is still considered an in-service pressure vessel.
This is true.
All inspection activities associated with a pressure vessel once it has been placed in service.
in-service inspection
The external, internal, or on-stream evaluation (or any combination of the three) of a pressure vessel’s condition.
inspection
A strategy defining how and when a pressure vessel or pressure-relieving device will be inspected, repaired, and/or maintained.
inspection plan
An inspection performed from the inside of a pressure vessel using visual and/or NDE techniques.
internal inspection
A legally constituted government administration that may adopt rules relating to pressure vessels.
jurisdiction
Corrosion that is confined to a limited area of the metal surface.
localized corrosion
The maximum gage pressure permitted at the top of a pressure vessel in its operating position for a designated temperature. This pressure is based on calculations using the minimum (or average pitted) thickness for all critical vessel elements. (exclusive of thickness designated for corrosion) and adjusted for applicable static head pressure and non-pressure loads (e.g. wind, earthquake, etc.).
maximum allowable working pressure (MAWP)
The lowest temperature at which a significant load can be applied to a pressure vessel as defined in the applicable construction code (e.g. ASME Code, Section VIII: Division 1, Paragraph UG-20(b)).
minimum design metal temperature (MDMT)
The portion of the vessel that does not contain the process pressure (e.g. trays, baffles, non-stiffening insulation support rings, etc.).
non-pressure boundary
A condition where a pressure vessel has not been prepared for an internal inspection.
on-stream
An inspection performed from the outside of a pressure vessel while it is on-stream using NDE procedures to establish the suitability of the pressure boundary for continued operation.
on-stream inspection
An owner or user of pressure vessels who exercises control over the operation, engineering, inspection, repair, alteration, pressure testing and rerating of those pressure vessels.
owner/user
Metal plates that are welded to the inside of the pressure vessel wall. Normally, plates are of a more corrosion resistant or erosion resistant alloy than the vessel wall and provide additional corrosion/erosion resistance. In some instances, plates of a material of construction similar to the vessel wall are used for specific operating periods where corrosion and/or erosion rates are predictable.
plate lining
That portion of the vessel that contains the pressure (e.g. shell, heads and nozzles).
pressure boundary
A container designed to withstand internal or external pressure. This pressure may be imposed by an external source, by the application of heat from a direct or indirect source, or by any combination thereof. This includes heat exchangers, air-coolers, unfired steam generators and other vapor generating vessels which use heat from the operation of a processing system or other indirect heat source.
pressure vessel
A person acceptable to the owner/user who is knowledgeable and experienced in the engineering disciplines associated with evaluating mechanical and material characteristics which affect the integrity and reliability of pressure vessels.
pressure vessel engineer
A document that specifies or describes how an activity is to be performed. It may include methods to be employed, equipment or materials to be used, qualifications of personnel involved and sequence of work.
procedures
All planned, systematic, and preventative actions required to determine if materials, equipment, or services will meet specified requirements so that equipment will perform satisfactorily in service.
quality assurance
The work necessary to restore a vessel to a condition suitable for safe operation at the design conditions.
repair
Any welding, cutting or grinding operation on a pressure-containing component not specifically considered an alteration is considered a repair.
This is true.
A repair organization if any of the following who makes repairs in accordance with the inspection code:
a) The holder of a valid ASME Certificate of Authorization that authorizes the use of an appropriate ASME Code symbol stamp (e.g. U-stamp)
b) The holder of a valid R-stamp issued by the National Board.
c) An owner or user of pressure vessels who repairs his or her own equipment.
d) A contractor whose qualifications are acceptable to the pressure-vessel owner/user.
e) An individual or organization that is authorized by the legal jurisdiction.
The minimum thickness without corrosion allowance for each element of a pressure vessel based on the appropriate design code calculations and code allowable stress that consider pressure, mechanical and structural loadings.
required thickness
Required thickness can be reassessed using fitness-for-service analysis in accordance with API 579.
This is true.
A change in either the design temperature rating, the MDMT or the MAWP rating of a vessel.
rerating
The design temperature and maximum allowable working pressure of a vessel may be increased or decreased because of rerating.
This is true.
Derating below original conditions is a permissible way to provide for additional corrosion allowance.
This is true.
A risk assessment and management process that is focused on inspection planning for loss of containment of pressurized equipment in processing facilities, due to material deterioration. These risks are managed primarily through inspection in order to influence the probability of failure.
risk-based inspection (RBI)
Strips of metal plates that are welded to the inside of the vessel wall. Normally strips are of a more corrosion resistant or erosion resistant alloy than the vessel wall and provide additional corrosion/erosion resistance.
strip lining
The reduction in toughness due to a metallurgical change that occur in some low alloy steels (e.g. 2-1/4Cr-1Mo), as a result of long term exposure in the temperature range of about 650 F - 1100 F (345 C - 595 C).
temper embrittlement
Repairs made to pressure vessels to restore sufficient integrity to continue safe operation until permanent repairs can be conducted.
temporary repairs
Refers to either pressure testing whether performed hydrostatically, pneumatically or a combination hydrostatic/pneumatic, or mechanical testing to determine such data as material hardness, strength and notch toughness.
testing
Testing does not refer to NDE using techniques such as PT, MT, etc.
This is true.
The temperature at which a material fracture mode changes from ductile to brittle.
transition temperature
