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The Cold War Era > section 3 > Flashcards

section 3 Flashcards

0
Q

while other powers achieved independence peacefully, what did others have to do?

A

fight for it

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1
Q

after WWII, what did many colonies of Europeans and other powers demand?

A

independence

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2
Q

who joined people in their struggle for independence?

A

communists

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3
Q

What three choices did American leaders face to try to keep the Soviets from extending their influence to former colonies?

A
  • should the US provide aid to colonial power?
  • should the US use secret aid to counter the soviets?
  • should the US send troops to influence the affairs of another nation?
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4
Q

why did the Philippines struggle to preserve a democratic government?

A

the US withdrew from the Philippines

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5
Q

what did the Philippines suffer?

A

poverty
local uprisings
dictatorships- Ferdinand Marcos

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6
Q

more than 30 African nations became _______.

A

independent

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7
Q

what 2 nations sought allies among newly independent nations?

A

United States and the Soviet Union

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8
Q

some nations had wars. some nations had border wars with neighbors. who often backed up opposing sides?

A

United States and the Soviet Union

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9
Q

what did India win in 1947?

A

independence from Britain

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10
Q

what two nations were India divided into?

A

India and Pakistan

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11
Q

Pakistan was an ally of the ______.

A

United States

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12
Q

India accepted ______________ aid
but remained neutral in the ______
________.

A

American and Soviet

Cold War

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13
Q

French-Ruled Indochina included present day ____, _______, and _______.

A

Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam

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14
Q

in each country, what did separate nationalist groups fight for?

A

independence

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15
Q

how long did the war last?

A

30 years

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16
Q

who were the worlds superpowers?

nations with enough military, political, and economic strength to influence events worldwide

A

US and the Soviet Union

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17
Q

where did the rivalry between the US and the Soviet Union clash?

A

in Cuba

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18
Q

who led a communist revolution in Cuba?

A

Fidel Castro

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19
Q

what did castro’s governed take over?

A

private companies, including many owned my Americans

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20
Q

where did thousands of Cubans flee?

A

to the US

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21
Q

during the bay of pigs invasion, where did the soviets supply aid?

A

Cuba

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22
Q

in 1961, who approved a plan for Cuban exiles, people who have been forced to leave their own country, to overthrow Castro?

A

John F Kennedy

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23
Q

where did a force of Cuban exiles land?

A

the bay of pigs

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24
Q

during the bay of pigs invasion, what did castro’s forces do?

A

quickly rounded up the invaders

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25
Q

what did the bay of pigs invasion do for the US?

A

embarrassed the US

26
Q

what did the bay of pigs invasion do for Castro?

A

strengthened Castro

27
Q

in October 1962, what did president Kennedy learn?

A

the soviets were secretly building missile bases on Cuba

28
Q

what did Kennedy announce during the Cuban missile crisis?

A

American warships would stop any soviet ship carrying missiles to Cuba

29
Q

soviets steamed a war toward Cuba. what did they do at the last minute that narrowly prevented a war?

A

they turned back

30
Q

what did Kennedy’s string stand lead the soviets to do?

A

compromise

31
Q

during the Cuban missile crisis, what did the soviets agree to?

A

remove soviet missiles from Cuba

32
Q

during the Cuban missile crisis, what did the US promise?

A

promised not to invade Cuba

33
Q

what had the Cuban missile crisis do to both the soviets and Americans?

A

shaken them

34
Q

what was the closest the world has ever come to a full-scale nuclear war?

A

the Cuban missile crisis

35
Q

what did the Cold War lead the US to intervene with again?

A

Latin American Nations

36
Q

what problems did Latin America have?

A

social and economic problems

37
Q

where did a huge gap exist in Latin America?

A

between the wealthy few and the majority of people

38
Q

what did many poor Latin Americans see as a solution to their problems?

A

communism

39
Q

in most countries, what did rural people live in?

A

desperate poverty

40
Q

many American leaders agreed with the need to reform. what did they hope?

A

they hoped that American aid would help make Latin American nations more democratic and lessen communist influence

41
Q

what aid program did Kennedy create?

A

Alliance for Progress

42
Q

What did the United States contribute aid for?

A

Schools, hospitals, improving farming, and improving sanitation services

43
Q

Even though the alliance bought improvement, did it end the causes of poverty?

A

no

44
Q

what corporation did Kennedy set up?

A

the peace corps

45
Q

what did the peace corps do?

A

American volunteers worked in developing countries and they lived with local people, teaching and giving technical advice

46
Q

The United States joined with other countries in what organization?

A

Organization of American states

47
Q

what did the US invest in through the OAS?

A

transportation and industry in Latin America

48
Q

what did the US do to help Latin American military forces?

A

military aid

49
Q

the US supported democracy. but sometimes supported military dictators. why?

A

they opposed communism

50
Q

where did the US intervene in Latin America?

A

Guatemala, the Dominican Republic, Panama, and Grenada

51
Q

When rebels in El Salvador and Guatemala fought to overthrow harsh governments, what did the United States do?

A

backed the governments because they were anti communist

52
Q

When a rebel group, the Sandinistas, overthrew a dictator in Nicaragua, what did president Reagan do?

A

Pres. Reagan sided with the opponents of the Sandinistas, known as the contras

53
Q

Did members of Congress agree with Reagan’s policy?

A

no

54
Q

What did Congress ban?

A

Military aid to the contras

55
Q

What did people on the presidents staff arrange for?

A

Secret aid

56
Q

When the arrangement of secret aid became known, what did Americans feel?

A

outraged

57
Q

by the 1950s, both the Soviet Union and the United States had large stocks of what?

A

nuclear bombs and missiles

58
Q

In 1957, who launched sputnik, the world’s first artificial satellite?

A

the Soviet Union

59
Q

What did sputnik start a new round of by both the Soviet Union and the United States?

A

spending on weapon systems

60
Q

the US launched its own _______.

A

satellites

61
Q

what did the superpowers race to send?

A

larger satellites farther

62
Q

when the US set up NASA, the national aeronautics space administration, what was its mission?

A

direct an American space program to compete with the Soviets

The Cold War Era (5 decks)

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