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Chem 100 > Section 3 > Flashcards

Section 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

3 subatomic particles that make up atoms

A

Protons, Neutrons, Electrons

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2
Q

charge of a proton

A

positive

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3
Q

what does the # of protons determine in the nucleus?

A

the # of protons in the nucleus determines the atomic number. (therefor determines element)

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4
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

Electrons are negatively charged.

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5
Q

Where are the electrons located relative to the nucleus?

A

Electrons are located outside the nucleus.

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6
Q

What do electrons determine for an atom?

A

Electrons determine the charge and the reactivity of an atom.

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7
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

Neutrons have no charge.

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8
Q

Where are neutrons found in relative to the nucleus?

A

Neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom.

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9
Q

How do you determine the number of neutrons in an atom?

A

The combined sum of the electrons and protons = number of neutrons. This is the mass #.

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10
Q

What are the atomic particles and what is their function in the atom?

A

Proton-Determines element
Neutron- Determines isotope of the element
Electron-Determines charge on element and is responsible for chemistry of the element.

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11
Q

What is negatively charged matter attracted to?

A

Positively charged matter is attracted to negatively charged matter, and vise versa.

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12
Q

What will matter with the same charge do- be attracted or repel?

A

Matter with the same charge will repel each other.

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13
Q

What does it mean that charges must be balanced?

A

The number of positive charge must equal the number of negative charge.

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14
Q

What is it called when atoms or molecules have a charge?

A

Atoms or molecules that have a charge are called ions.

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15
Q

How is the charge on an atom determined?

A

A charge on an atom or molecule is due to the gaining or losing of electrons from one atom to another atom.

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16
Q

What is a positively charged atom called?

A

A pos. charged atom is called a cation.

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17
Q

What is a negatively charged atom called?

A

A negatively charged atom is called an anion.

18
Q

What is the atomic number of an atom?

A

The atomic # of an atom is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom, it is always a whole #.

19
Q

What is the mass # of an element?

A

The mass # is the # of protons plus the # of neutrons in the nucleus.

20
Q

How is the atomic mass determined?

A

The atomic mass is determined by measuring the % of each isotope found naturally in nature. Sum of the % of isotope x atomic mass of isotope = atomic mass on periodic table.

21
Q

How is electromagnetic radiation formed?

A

By moving charged particles in a repetitive systematic fashion such as up and down a wire.

22
Q

How is the speed of light described?

A

The speed of light is the speed all electromagnetic waves travel at in a vacuum.

23
Q

How much of the electromagnetic spectrum is made up of visible light?

A

Visible light makes up a very small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

24
Q

What are radio waves used for?

A

Radio waves are used for communication.

25
Q

What are microwaves used for?

A

Microwaves are used for radars and microwave ovens,

26
Q

What are infrared waves used for?

A

Infrared waves are used to measure temperature and night vision scopes.

27
Q

What are visible waves used for?

A

Visible waves are used to produce color our eyes can detect.

28
Q

What are ultraviolet waves used for?

A

Ultraviolet waves cause chemical reactions, as well as skin cancer.

29
Q

What are x-rays used for?

A

X-rays are used in radiology, they cause cancer and genetic mutations.

30
Q

What are gamma waves used for?

A

Gamma waves create nuclear reactions, and kill cells.

31
Q

How can electrons act in space?

A

Electrons in space have a wavelike position, which means the position of the electron cannot be determined accurately.

32
Q

What did Erwin Schroedenger calculate?

A

Schroedenger was able to use quantum mechanics to calculate the energy levels and orbital shapes for the different electron orbitals found in the different elements.

33
Q

How many quantum numbers do you need to describe each electrons different orbital, and what are their names?

A

You need 4 quantum #s, named Shells, Subshells, Orbital, and Spin.

34
Q

What are the characteristics of a shell?

A
  • There are 7 shells (N=1 thru 7)
  • Shell 1 has lowest energy level, then shell 2, etc
  • Each shell contains one or more subshells.
35
Q

What are the characteristics of a subshell?

A
  • 4 dif. subshells, s,p,d,f
  • each subshell represents a dif shape
  • order of energy: s has lowest, f has highest.
  • each electron in a subshell has same amount of energy.
  • each subshell contains one or more orbitals
36
Q

What are the characteristics of an orbital?

A
  • There are 2 electrons per orbital
  • max # of electrons per subshell is…
    s: 2
    p: 6
    d: 10
    f: 14
37
Q

What are the characteristics of a spin?

A

There’ 2 spins: Spin up, Spin down.

38
Q

What is the electron configuration of an element?

A

The electron configuration of an element indicates what electron energy level each electron in the atom belongs to.

39
Q

What are the special names of some of the groups on the periodic table?

A

Alkali metals, Alkaline earth metals, Halogens, Noble gases

40
Q

What are the outermost electrons in the s and p orbital?

A

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost s and p orbital for atoms in group A.

41
Q

What is the relation between column # and # of valence electrons?

A

They’re the same; Column # = # of valence electrons.

Chem 100 (2 decks)

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