SECTION 3: Flashcards
Ad Hominem
An Attack against the person rather than an attack against the argument.
Genetic Fallacy
The act of rejecting or accepting an argument on the basis of its origin rather than its content.
Straw Man Fallacy
When someone takes another person’s argument or point, distorts it in some kind of extreme way and then attacks the extreme distortion as if it is really the claim the first person was making.
Red Herring Fallacy
Irrelevant information is presented alongside relevant information, distracting attention from that relevant information. (Not staying on Topic).
Appeal to authority fallacy
A type of informal fallacy that occurs when someone uses the authority, reputation, or expertise of a person or a source as the sole or primary reason to support their argument.
Argumentum ad Populum Fallacy
an argument, often emotively laden. for the acceptance of an unproved conclusion by adducing irrelevant evidence based on the feeling, prejudices, or beliefs of a large group of people.
Appeal to Force Fallacy
Argumentation using force or the threat of force to convince others to accept an argument’s conclusion.
Appeal to Consequences Fallacy
An argument that concludes a hypothesis to be either true or false based on whether the premise leads to desirable or undesirable consequences.
The Fallacy or Equivocation
essentially is when the same word is used in the premises but the words both have different meaning.`
Appeal to ignorance Fallacy
When you argue that your conclusion must be true because there is no evidence against it.
Slippery Slope Fallacy
Occurs when someone makes a claim about series of events that would lead to one major event, usually a bad event.
Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy
Based on the metaphor of a gunman shooting the side of a barn, then drawing targets arounf the bullet hole clusters to make it look like he hit the target. It illustrates how people look for similiaties, ignoring differences, and do not account for randomness.
Post Ho, Ergo Propter Hoc
Assuming that one thing caused another merely because the first thing preceded the other.
Hasty Generalization
Making a claim based on evidence that is just too small.
Black-White Fallacy
is a false dilemma fallacy that limits you unfairly to only two choices, as if you were made ti choose between black and white.
