Section 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4

Question 1

5 things needed for genetic engineering?

Answer 1

PCR, Plasmids, Restriction Enzymes, DNA ligase, Transformation

Question 2

What cuts in cloning?

Answer 2

Restriction Enzyme

Question 3

What glues it all back together?

Answer 3

DNA Ligase

Question 4

What are the small circular DNA molecules?

Answer 4

Plasmids

Question 5

Contain useful _____ antibiotic resistance genes

Answer 5

Plasmids

Question 6

Can be spliced and inserted? (cling vectors)

Answer 6

Plasmids

Question 7

Inserting gene into a receptive cell to make identical copies of the gene?

Answer 7

Gene Cloning

Question 8

How many sites on the plasmid are there?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

what are the 4 sites?

Answer 9

oriC, AmpicillinR, EcoRI, BamHI

Question 10

Origin of Replication?

Answer 10

oriC

Question 11

Selectable Marker/ Antibiotic Resistance?

Answer 11

AmpicillinR

Question 12

2 restriction cut sites?

Answer 12

EcoRI & BamHI

Question 13

What is a recombinant DNA?

Answer 13

Recombines with new organism

Question 14

Why do we need PCR?

Answer 14

To make millions of copies of the GFP gene

Question 15

When the forward strand is the same as the bottom reverse strand?

Answer 15

Palindromic

Question 16

Uneven overhangs of unpaired bases?

Answer 16

Sticky Ends

Question 17

Both top & bottom strands are evenly cut?

Answer 17

Blunt Ends

Question 18

G’GATCC

CCTAG’G

Answer 18

BamHI

Question 19

G’AATTC

CTTAA’G

Answer 19

EcoRI

Question 20

What essential regions are needed for cloning?

Answer 20

Origin of Replication, Multiple Cloning Sites, Selectable Marker, Promoters

Question 21

Regions of DNA that cause the gene to be transcribed and translated into a protein?

Answer 21

Promoter

Question 22

Horizontal Gene Transferring, genetic recombination or gene cloning?

Answer 22

Transferring a gene or piece of DNA from one organism to the other

Question 23

Used to pull out an amplify the insert gene that we want to clone?

Answer 23

PCR

Question 24

What is inserted into plasmids to be reproduced and protected?

Answer 24

Insert genes

Question 25

Use to create compatible sticky ends in the plasmid and insert?

Answer 25

Restriction Enzymes

Question 26

Newly created plasmids can be introduced into bacteria by a process called _________?

Answer 26

Transformation

Question 27

Succesful transform ants are selected by ________ genes carried on the plasmid?

Answer 27

Antibiotic Resistance

Question 28

what does a useful cloning plasmid contain?

Answer 28

Origin of Replication, multiple cloning sites, selectable markers and promoters

Question 29

____ ARE SPECIAL SEQUENCES IN THE DNA THAT ARE DESIGNED TO INITIATE TRANSCRIPTION BY RECRUITING ______?

Answer 29

Promoters; RNA Polymerase

Question 30

What is RNA polymerase responsible for?

Answer 30

Copying the gene into an mRNA molecule

Question 31

Proteins that affect gene transcription?

Answer 31

Transcription Factors

Question 32

3 groups of Transcription Factors ?

Answer 32

GTF's, Activators & repressors

Question 33

Bind to the core promoter?

Answer 33

GTF's

Question 34

Always present and always on but can only promote very low levels of gene expression?

Answer 34

GTF's

Question 35

Greatly increase transcription above the basal levels provided by the GTF's?

Answer 35

Activators

Question 36

Each activator recognizes a specific sequence in the DNA called?

Answer 36

Consensus Sequence

Question 37

Only genes that carry the proper consensus sequence or slight variations get _____?

Answer 37

Activated

Question 38

Help determine if the genes in the cell are turned on or off?

Answer 38

Activators

Question 39

Designed to inhibit or block gene transcription?

Answer 39

Repressors

Question 40

Can be turned on and off just like activators?

Answer 40

Repressors

Question 41

Can be turned on and off just like activators?

Answer 41

Repressors

Question 42

regions of the DNA bound by activators?

Answer 42

Enhancers

Question 43

Regions of DNA bound by repressors?

Answer 43

Silencers

Question 44

Regions of DNA that are designed to keep regulation of one gene from spilling over and accidentally turning on and adjacent gene?

Answer 44

Insulators

Question 45

Primarily responsible for regulating change in gene transcription?

Answer 45

Repressors

Question 46

What does GFP stand for?

Answer 46

Green Fluorescent Protein

Question 47

GFP has existed for more than one hundred and sixty million years in one species of jellyfish, ______?

Answer 47

Aequorea victoria

Question 48

Produces green light under _____?

Answer 48

UV light

Question 49

Using _____ we can see when proteins are made, and where they can go.

Answer 49

GFP

Question 50

Also called the ara or araBAD operon, is an operon that encodes enzymes needed for the catabolism of arabinose

Answer 50

Arabinose operon

Question 51

An operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose

Answer 51

Lactose operon

Question 52

Organisms that have been introduced w/foreign DNA to bring about a specific application>

Answer 52

Genetically Modified Plants

Question 53

What bacteria do you use to deliver gene into plant cell? (can penetrate though cell wall)

Answer 53

Agrobacterium

Question 54

Steps to modify the gene?

Answer 54

Find the gene, modify so it can be expressed, attach plant promoter, incorporate marker gene

Question 55

What other way can you use to deliver gene into plant cell?

Answer 55

Gene Gun

Question 56

Bt toxin producing plants?

Answer 56

Cotton & Corn

Question 57

Plants = _____? They spread!!!

Answer 57

Polygenic