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DNA -- Section 3 > Section 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4 > Flashcards

Section 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-4 Flashcards

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1
Q

5 things needed for genetic engineering?

A

PCR, Plasmids, Restriction Enzymes, DNA ligase, Transformation

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2
Q

What cuts in cloning?

A

Restriction Enzyme

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3
Q

What glues it all back together?

A

DNA Ligase

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4
Q

What are the small circular DNA molecules?

A

Plasmids

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5
Q

Contain useful _____ antibiotic resistance genes

A

Plasmids

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6
Q

Can be spliced and inserted? (cling vectors)

A

Plasmids

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7
Q

Inserting gene into a receptive cell to make identical copies of the gene?

A

Gene Cloning

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8
Q

How many sites on the plasmid are there?

A

4

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9
Q

what are the 4 sites?

A

oriC, AmpicillinR, EcoRI, BamHI

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10
Q

Origin of Replication?

A

oriC

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11
Q

Selectable Marker/ Antibiotic Resistance?

A

AmpicillinR

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12
Q

2 restriction cut sites?

A

EcoRI & BamHI

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13
Q

What is a recombinant DNA?

A

Recombines with new organism

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14
Q

Why do we need PCR?

A

To make millions of copies of the GFP gene

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15
Q

When the forward strand is the same as the bottom reverse strand?

A

Palindromic

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16
Q

Uneven overhangs of unpaired bases?

A

Sticky Ends

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17
Q

Both top & bottom strands are evenly cut?

A

Blunt Ends

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18
Q

G’GATCC

CCTAG’G

A

BamHI

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19
Q

G’AATTC

CTTAA’G

A

EcoRI

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20
Q

What essential regions are needed for cloning?

A

Origin of Replication, Multiple Cloning Sites, Selectable Marker, Promoters

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21
Q

Regions of DNA that cause the gene to be transcribed and translated into a protein?

A

Promoter

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22
Q

Horizontal Gene Transferring, genetic recombination or gene cloning?

A

Transferring a gene or piece of DNA from one organism to the other

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23
Q

Used to pull out an amplify the insert gene that we want to clone?

A

PCR

24
Q

What is inserted into plasmids to be reproduced and protected?

A

Insert genes

25
Q

Use to create compatible sticky ends in the plasmid and insert?

A

Restriction Enzymes

26
Q

Newly created plasmids can be introduced into bacteria by a process called _________?

A

Transformation

27
Q

Succesful transform ants are selected by ________ genes carried on the plasmid?

A

Antibiotic Resistance

28
Q

what does a useful cloning plasmid contain?

A

Origin of Replication, multiple cloning sites, selectable markers and promoters

29
Q

____ ARE SPECIAL SEQUENCES IN THE DNA THAT ARE DESIGNED TO INITIATE TRANSCRIPTION BY RECRUITING ______?

A

Promoters; RNA Polymerase

30
Q

What is RNA polymerase responsible for?

A

Copying the gene into an mRNA molecule

31
Q

Proteins that affect gene transcription?

A

Transcription Factors

32
Q

3 groups of Transcription Factors ?

A

GTF’s, Activators & repressors

33
Q

Bind to the core promoter?

A

GTF’s

34
Q

Always present and always on but can only promote very low levels of gene expression?

A

GTF’s

35
Q

Greatly increase transcription above the basal levels provided by the GTF’s?

A

Activators

36
Q

Each activator recognizes a specific sequence in the DNA called?

A

Consensus Sequence

37
Q

Only genes that carry the proper consensus sequence or slight variations get _____?

A

Activated

38
Q

Help determine if the genes in the cell are turned on or off?

A

Activators

39
Q

Designed to inhibit or block gene transcription?

A

Repressors

40
Q

Can be turned on and off just like activators?

A

Repressors

41
Q

Can be turned on and off just like activators?

A

Repressors

42
Q

regions of the DNA bound by activators?

A

Enhancers

43
Q

Regions of DNA bound by repressors?

A

Silencers

44
Q

Regions of DNA that are designed to keep regulation of one gene from spilling over and accidentally turning on and adjacent gene?

A

Insulators

45
Q

Primarily responsible for regulating change in gene transcription?

A

Repressors

46
Q

What does GFP stand for?

A

Green Fluorescent Protein

47
Q

GFP has existed for more than one hundred and sixty million years in one species of jellyfish, ______?

A

Aequorea victoria

48
Q

Produces green light under _____?

A

UV light

49
Q

Using _____ we can see when proteins are made, and where they can go.

A

GFP

50
Q

Also called the ara or araBAD operon, is an operon that encodes enzymes needed for the catabolism of arabinose

A

Arabinose operon

51
Q

An operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose

A

Lactose operon

52
Q

Organisms that have been introduced w/foreign DNA to bring about a specific application>

A

Genetically Modified Plants

53
Q

What bacteria do you use to deliver gene into plant cell? (can penetrate though cell wall)

A

Agrobacterium

54
Q

Steps to modify the gene?

A

Find the gene, modify so it can be expressed, attach plant promoter, incorporate marker gene

55
Q

What other way can you use to deliver gene into plant cell?

A

Gene Gun

56
Q

Bt toxin producing plants?

A

Cotton & Corn

57
Q

Plants = _____? They spread!!!

A

Polygenic

DNA -- Section 3 (1 decks)

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