Section 2.1 - Energy Relationships & The Biosphere

Question 1

The ______ is the source of all energy on earth

Answer 1

Sun ☀️

Question 2

______ energy that radiates from the sun contains many different types of radiation which are classified according to different wavelengths

Answer 2

Solar

Question 3

The amount of this solar energy that is actually received on earth surface is called ______

Answer 3

Insolation

Question 4

Insolation has many implications for climate on ______ parts of the earth

Answer 4

Different

Question 5

The earth’s axis of rotation is tilted at an angle of 23.5° from a line drawn perpendicular from its orbital plane. This is called the ______

Answer 5

Angle of inclination

Question 6

The ______ of the earth changes the insulation at different parts of the earth at different times of the year

Answer 6

Tilt

Question 7

A ______ is one of two points in earth’s orbit when the poles are most tilted towards or away from the sun

Answer 7

Solstice

Question 8

An ______ is when the number of daylight hours is equal exactly is the number of hours of night

Answer 8

Equinox

Question 9

The earth is divided into different ______ where 0° is at the equator and the poles are at 90°

Answer 9

Latitudes

Question 10

Fact that the earth is shaped like a ______ has an affect on the insolation at different latitudes

Answer 10

Sphere

Question 11

The ______ of a ray is the angle between the ray and a line that is drawn perpendicular to the earth’s surface

Answer 11

Angle of incidence

Question 12

Areas near the poles receive ______ solar energy per square kilometer

Answer 12

Less

Question 13

Areas near the equator receive ______ solar energy per square kilometre

Answer 13

More

*This obviously has major implications for the climate on different parts of the earth

Question 14

Absorption and reflection of the sun’s ______ happens in all three parts of the biosphere (*model on PP)

Answer 14

Rays

Question 15

In the atmosphere:
The types and amounts of radiation absorbed or affected is affected by:
- The ______ in the atmosphere: different layers contain different types and amounts of ______
- cloud ______ and atmospheric ______

Answer 15

Gases
Gases
Cover
Dust

Question 16

In the lithosphere and atmosphere:

• The ______ of a surface is the percent of solar radiation that it reflects
• the average ______ for the earth’s surface is about 30%

Answer 16

Albedo

Albedo

Question 17

When solar energy is absorbed in the earth’s surface some of it is re-emitted into the atmosphere in the form of ______

Answer 17

Infrared radiation

Question 18

Infrared radiation is absorbed and stored by mainly ______ in the atmosphere

Answer 18

Water vapour

Question 19

Without this ______ our average atmospheric temperature would be below 0°C

Answer 19

Natural greenhouse effect

Question 20

Other greenhouse gases, some of them man-made, absorb and store thermal energy. These contribute to the ______

Answer 20

Artificial greenhouse effect

Question 21

The net radiation budget is:

______ radiation - ______ radiation

Answer 21

Incoming

Outgoing

Question 22

______ radiation is solar radiation that reaches the surface of the earth and isn’t reflected by the atmosphere

Answer 22

Incoming

Question 23

______ radiation is thermal radiation that is re-emitted by the earth’s surface into space and is not absorbed by the greenhouse gases

Answer 23

Outgoing

Question 24

For the entire planet, the energy budget is generally ______, which means incoming = outgoing, this keeps the average global temperature fairly ______

Answer 24

Balanced

Steady

Question 25

The amount of energy absorbed and emitted changes with ______

Answer 25

Latitude

Question 26

The polar regions tend have less incoming radiation (______ insolation) than outgoing radiation (______ albedo). This gives them a net radiation budget ______

Answer 26

Less
Higher
Deficit

Question 27

Regions near the equator tend to have more incoming radiation (______insolation) than outgoing radiation (______ albedo). This gives them a net radiation budget ______

Answer 27

More
Lower
Surplus

Question 28

The fact that earth is heated ______ means that the thermal energy moves throughout the atmosphere

Answer 28

Unevenly

Question 29

Remember the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics: “Heat always flows naturally from a ______ object to a ______ object.”

Answer 29

Hot

Cold