Section 20-25 Flashcards
Which of the following is a correct statement of the null hypothesis?
A. The observed difference between the mean was created by bias.
B. The observed difference between the mean was created by sampling error.
B.
Which of the following is a symbol for an alternative hypothesis?
A. H.>0
B. H.>1
B.
For a given study, the research hypothesis usually is inconsistent with the null hypothesis. This statement is true or false
True
The null hypothesis states that the difference between the means in the population is greater than zero. This statement is true or false
False
Whichever hypothesis a researcher believes is true at the beginning of a study is the research hypothesis. This statement is true or false
True
Section 21. By conventional standards, if p> .05 a researcher would declare the difference statistically
A. Insignificant
B. Significant
A.
Failing to reject the null hypothesis when in reality it is false is known as a
A. Type 1 error
B . Type 2 error
Type 2
The .01 level is a high level of significance than the .001 level. This statement is true or false
False
At what point is it conventional to NOT reject the null hypothesis?
When p> .05
When a researcher rejects the null hypothesis the difference is declared statistically significant. This statement is true or false
True
A t test yields a probability that the null hypothesis is correct. This statement is true or false
True
The larger the sample, the more likely the null hypotheses will be rejected. This statement is true or false
True
Under which of the following circumstances is the null hypothesis more likely to be rejected?
A. When there is much variation in the population
B. When there is little variation in the population
B. When there is little variation in the population
If participants are randomly assigned to experimental and control groups without matching (pairing) the resulting data are
A. Independent
B. Dependent
A. Independent
Independent data may have less sampling error than dependent data. This statement is true or false
False
When reporting the results of a t test, the values of the means and the standard deviations should first be reported. This statement is true or false.
True
If you read that t = 2.234, df = 60 and p > .05 what should you conclude?
A. The difference is statistically significant
B. NOT statistically significant
B.
If a t test yields a p > .05 the null hypothesis normally would be rejected that statement is true or false
False
If a researcher concludes that a difference is statistically significant what else is true
A. The null hypothesis should not be rejected
B. The null hypothesis should be rejected
B.
Statistical significant is synonymous with practical significance. This statement is true or false
False
ANOVA can be used to test for the difference(s) among two or more means. This statement is true or false
True
The acronym ANOVA stands for Alternative Number of VARIANCE approach. This statement is true or false
False
For the typical consumer of research, which one of the following values in an ANOVA table is of greatest interest
A. Means squared
B. Sum of squares
C. The value of p
C.
Suppose you read the following: F= 4.641, df = 3.29, p < .01. What conclusion would you normally draw about the null hypothesis?
A. Reject it
B. Do not reject it
A. Reject it.
Suppose you read the following f = 2.20 df = 4,400 and p > .05. Conclude it is statistically significant or not?
It is not statistically significant
Suppose participants were classified according to their major in school and their gender in order to compare means for both major and gender this would call for a
A. One way ANOVA
B. TWO way ANOVA
Two way
In order to examine a main effect you
A. Temporarily ignore one way that the participants were classified while examining the other way they were classified
B. Look at both ways participants were classified at the same time in order to see how the two classification variables affect each other.
A.
In the table below there appears to be an interaction the statement is true or false.
X. Y
D M = 10.00. M= 20.00
E. M = 20.00 M = 30.00
False
In the table below there appears to be an interaction the statement is true or false.
X. Y
D M = 100.00. M= 200.00
E. M = 200.00 M = 200.00
True
Suppose you rest that p< .05 for an interaction. By conventional standards, you should declare the interaction
A. Statistically significant
B. Not statistically significant
A.
For nominal data a researcher normally reports means and standard deviations. This statement is true or false
False
The symbol of chi-square is
A. 1
B. ?
C. /
A. 1
Suppose you read that as the result of a chisquare test p < .01 by conventional standards what decision would you make about the null hypothesis?
Reject it
Do not reject it
Reject it
Suppose you read that as the result of a chi-square test p > .05 would it be considered statistically significant?
No
The null hypothesis is a statement about the size of the difference. This statement is true or false
False
Knowing the value of p tells us the size of the difference. This statement is true or false
False
Is the variability amount scores one of the factors that contribute to determining statistical significance? Yes or no
Yes
Is a small difference necessarily an insignificant difference. Yes or no
No
Is it possible for a large, significant difference to have little practical significance? Yes or no
Yes
The purpose of effect size is to determine the statistical significance of the difference between two means. This statement is true or false
False
What is the first step in computing cohens d?
A. Subtract the experimental groups means from the control groups mean.
B. Subtract the control groups means from the experimental groups means
B.
What does it mean when d = 0.50
A. The average participants in the experimental group is one half of a standard deviation higher than the average participants in the control group.
B. The average participant in the control group is one-half of a standard deviation higher than the average participant in the experimental group
A.
For most practical purposes, values of d often exceed. 10.0 this statement is true or false
False
A small effect size might represent an important result. This statement is true or false
True
