Section 20-25

Question 1

Which of the following is a correct statement of the null hypothesis?
A. The observed difference between the mean was created by bias.
B. The observed difference between the mean was created by sampling error.

Answer 1

B.

Question 2

Which of the following is a symbol for an alternative hypothesis?
A. H.>0
B. H.>1

Answer 2

B.

Question 3

For a given study, the research hypothesis usually is inconsistent with the null hypothesis. This statement is true or false

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The null hypothesis states that the difference between the means in the population is greater than zero. This statement is true or false

Answer 4

False

Question 5

Whichever hypothesis a researcher believes is true at the beginning of a study is the research hypothesis. This statement is true or false

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Section 21. By conventional standards, if p> .05 a researcher would declare the difference statistically
A. Insignificant
B. Significant

Answer 6

A.

Question 7

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when in reality it is false is known as a
A. Type 1 error
B . Type 2 error

Answer 7

Type 2

Question 8

The .01 level is a high level of significance than the .001 level. This statement is true or false

Answer 8

False

Question 9

At what point is it conventional to NOT reject the null hypothesis?

Answer 9

When p> .05

Question 10

When a researcher rejects the null hypothesis the difference is declared statistically significant. This statement is true or false

Answer 10

True

Question 11

A t test yields a probability that the null hypothesis is correct. This statement is true or false

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The larger the sample, the more likely the null hypotheses will be rejected. This statement is true or false

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Under which of the following circumstances is the null hypothesis more likely to be rejected?
A. When there is much variation in the population
B. When there is little variation in the population

Answer 13

B. When there is little variation in the population

Question 14

If participants are randomly assigned to experimental and control groups without matching (pairing) the resulting data are
A. Independent
B. Dependent

Answer 14

A. Independent

Question 15

Independent data may have less sampling error than dependent data. This statement is true or false

Answer 15

False

Question 16

When reporting the results of a t test, the values of the means and the standard deviations should first be reported. This statement is true or false.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

If you read that t = 2.234, df = 60 and p > .05 what should you conclude?
A. The difference is statistically significant
B. NOT statistically significant

Answer 17

B.

Question 18

If a t test yields a p > .05 the null hypothesis normally would be rejected that statement is true or false

Answer 18

False

Question 19

If a researcher concludes that a difference is statistically significant what else is true
A. The null hypothesis should not be rejected
B. The null hypothesis should be rejected

Answer 19

B.

Question 20

Statistical significant is synonymous with practical significance. This statement is true or false

Answer 20

False

Question 21

ANOVA can be used to test for the difference(s) among two or more means. This statement is true or false

Answer 21

True

Question 22

The acronym ANOVA stands for Alternative Number of VARIANCE approach. This statement is true or false

Answer 22

False

Question 23

For the typical consumer of research, which one of the following values in an ANOVA table is of greatest interest
A. Means squared
B. Sum of squares
C. The value of p

Answer 23

C.

Question 24

Suppose you read the following: F= 4.641, df = 3.29, p < .01. What conclusion would you normally draw about the null hypothesis?
A. Reject it
B. Do not reject it

Answer 24

A. Reject it.

Question 25

Suppose you read the following f = 2.20 df = 4,400 and p > .05. Conclude it is statistically significant or not?

Answer 25

It is not statistically significant

Question 26

Suppose participants were classified according to their major in school and their gender in order to compare means for both major and gender this would call for a A. One way ANOVA B. TWO way ANOVA

Answer 26

Two way

Question 27

In order to examine a main effect you A. Temporarily ignore one way that the participants were classified while examining the other way they were classified B. Look at both ways participants were classified at the same time in order to see how the two classification variables affect each other.

Answer 27

A.

Question 28

In the table below there appears to be an interaction the statement is true or false. X. Y D M = 10.00. M= 20.00 E. M = 20.00 M = 30.00

Answer 28

False

Question 29

In the table below there appears to be an interaction the statement is true or false. X. Y D M = 100.00. M= 200.00 E. M = 200.00 M = 200.00

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Suppose you rest that p< .05 for an interaction. By conventional standards, you should declare the interaction A. Statistically significant B. Not statistically significant

Answer 30

A.

Question 31

For nominal data a researcher normally reports means and standard deviations. This statement is true or false

Answer 31

False

Question 32

The symbol of chi-square is A. 1 B. ? C. /

Answer 32

A. 1

Question 33

Suppose you read that as the result of a chisquare test p < .01 by conventional standards what decision would you make about the null hypothesis? Reject it Do not reject it

Answer 33

Reject it

Question 34

Suppose you read that as the result of a chi-square test p > .05 would it be considered statistically significant?

Answer 34

No

Question 35

The null hypothesis is a statement about the size of the difference. This statement is true or false

Answer 35

False

Question 36

Knowing the value of p tells us the size of the difference. This statement is true or false

Answer 36

False

Question 37

Is the variability amount scores one of the factors that contribute to determining statistical significance? Yes or no

Answer 37

Yes

Question 38

Is a small difference necessarily an insignificant difference. Yes or no

Answer 38

No

Question 39

Is it possible for a large, significant difference to have little practical significance? Yes or no

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

The purpose of effect size is to determine the statistical significance of the difference between two means. This statement is true or false

Answer 40

False

Question 41

What is the first step in computing cohens d? A. Subtract the experimental groups means from the control groups mean. B. Subtract the control groups means from the experimental groups means

Answer 41

B.

Question 42

What does it mean when d = 0.50 A. The average participants in the experimental group is one half of a standard deviation higher than the average participants in the control group. B. The average participant in the control group is one-half of a standard deviation higher than the average participant in the experimental group

Answer 42

A.

Question 43

For most practical purposes, values of d often exceed. 10.0 this statement is true or false

Answer 43

False

Question 44

A small effect size might represent an important result. This statement is true or false

Answer 44

True