Section 2 - Thermal Physics Flashcards
What is internal energy
The sum of the randomly distributed kinetic and potential energies of all its particles
What is a closed system
No net energy transfer
What changes in a change of state?
No change in temperature but a change of internal energy.
What is specific heat capacity
How much energy it takes to heat 1kg of a substance by 1K
Change of energy equation
Q = mcΔθ Q = ml
What is specific heat capacity
Energy needed to change state
What is specific latent heat
This can be of fusion or vaporisation. It is the amount of thermal energy to change the state of 1kg of a substance
Boyle’s Law
pv = constant
At a constant temperature the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional.
Charles’s Law
V/T = constant
At a constant pressure the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
Pressure Law
p/T = constant
At a constant volume the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature
What is molar mass
The mass of one mole of a gas
What is the ideal gas equation
pV = nRT
What is the value of the Boltzmann constant
k = 1.38 x10 ^-23 JK-1
What is the Boltzmann constant equation
k= R/Na
What is the equation of state for an ideal gas
pV = NkT
What is the equation for work done to change the volume of a gas at a constant pressure
W = pΔV
What is the root mean square speed
The average of the square speeds of all the particles
What is the equation using Crms
pV = 1/3 (NmCrms^2)
What are the assumptions for kinetic theory
All molecules move randomly
Motion follows Newton’s laws
Collisions are perfectly elastic
Molecules always move in straight lines
What is the molar gas constant
8.31 J mol-1 K-1
What is Avagadros constant
6.02 x10 ^23 particles per mole
