Section 2 Testing and Evaluation

Question 1

Test:

Answer 1

A procedure for assessing ability in a particular endeavor.

Question 2

Field Test:

Answer 2

A test used to assess ability that is performed away from the laboratory and does not require extensive training or expensive equipment.

Question 3

Measurement

Answer 3

The process of collecting test data.

Question 4

Evaluation

Answer 4

The process of analyzing test results for the purpose of making decisions.

Question 5

Pretest

Answer 5

A test administered before the beginning of training to determine the athletes initial basic ability levels.

Question 6

Mid-test

Answer 6

A test administered one or more times during the training period to assess progress and modify the program as needed to maximize benefit.

Question 7

Formative - Evaluation

Answer 7

Periodic re-evaluation based on mid-tests administered during the training, usually at regular intervals. It enables monitoring of the athletes progress and adjustment of the training program for the athlete’s individual needs.

Question 8

Post-test

Answer 8

Test administered after the training period to determine the success of the training program in achieving the training objectives.

Question 9

Validity

Answer 9

Refers to the degree to which a test or item measures what it is supposed to measure, and is the most important characteristic of testing.

Question 10

Construct Validity

Answer 10

Is the ability of a test to represent the underlying construct (the theory developed to organize and explain some aspects of existing knowledge and observations). Refers to overall validity, or the extent to which the test actually measures what it was designed to measure.

Question 11

Face Validity

Answer 11

Is the appearance to the athlete and other casual observers that the test measures what it is purported to measure. If a test or test item has face validity, the athlete is more likely to respond to it positively.

Question 12

Content Validity

Answer 12

Is the assessment by experts that the testing covers all relevant subtopics or component abilities in appropriate proportions.

Question 13

Criterion-referenced validity

Answer 13

Is the extent to which test scores are associated with some other measure of the same ability. There are three sub-types of this validity: Concurrent, predictive, and discriminant.

Question 14

Concurrent Validity

Answer 14

Is the extent to which test scores are associated with those of other accepted tests that measure the same ability. Criterion-referenced validity is often estimated statistically.

Question 15

Convergent Validity

Answer 15

Is evidenced by high positive correlation between results of the test being assessed and those of the recognized measure of the construct (the “gold standard”). This validity is the type of concurrent validity that field tests used by strength and conditioning professionals should exhibit. A test may be preferable to the “gold standard” if it exhibits convergent validity with the standard but is less demanding in terms of time, equipment, expense, or expertise.

Question 16

Predictive Validity

Answer 16

is the extent to which the test score corresponds with future behavior or performance. This can be measured through comparison of a test score with some measure of success in the sport itself.

Question 17

Discriminant Validity

Answer 17

Is the ability of a test to distinguish between two different constructs and is evidenced by a low correlation between the results of the test and those of tests of a different construct.

Question 18

Reliability

Answer 18

Is the measure of the degree of consistency or reputability of a test.

Question 19

Test-Retest Reliability

Answer 19

Statistical correlation of the scores from the two administrations provides a measure of reliability among tests.

Question 20

Intra-Subject Variability

Answer 20

Is the lack f consistent performance by the person tested.

Question 21

Interrater reliability

Answer 21

Is the degree to which different raters agree. A clearly defined scoring system and competent scorer who are trained and experienced with the test are trained and experienced with the test are essential to enhance interrater reliability. Also referred to as objectivity or interrater agreement.

Question 22

Intrarater Variability

Answer 22

Is the lack of consistent scores by a given tester. For example, a coach eager to see improvement may unintentionally be more lenient on a posttest than on a pretest.

Question 23

Athletic Performance

Answer 23

the ability to respond effectively to various physical challenges.

Question 24

Low-speed muscular strength

Answer 24

related to the force a muscle or muscle group can exert in one maximal effort, and it can be quantified by the maximum weight that can be lifted once.

Question 25

High-speed muscular strength (maximal anaerobic muscular power

Answer 25

related to the ability of muscle tissue to exert high force while contracting at a high speed.

Question 26

Anaerobic capacity

Answer 26

the maximal rate of energy production by the combined phosphagen and lactic acid energy system for moderate-duration activities.

Question 27

Local muscular endurance

Answer 27

the ability of certain muscle or muscle groups to perform repeated contraction against a sub-maximal resistance.

Question 28

Aerobic capacity (aerobic power)

Answer 28

the maximum rate at which an athlete can produce energy through oxidation of energy resources (carbs, fats, and proteins).

Question 29

Agility

Answer 29

the ability to stop, start, and change the direction of the body or body parts rapidly and in a controlled manner.

Question 30

Speed

Answer 30

movement distance per unit time, typically quantified as the time taken to cover a fixed distance.

Question 31

Flexibility

Answer 31

the range of motion about a body joint.

Question 32

Body composition

Answer 32

usually refers to the relative proportion by weight of fat and lean tissue.

Question 33

Anthropometry

Answer 33

the science of measurement applied to the human body, generally includes measurements of height, weight, and selected body girths.

Question 34

Difference score

Answer 34

the difference between an athlete’s score at the beginning and end of a training period or between any two separate testing.

Question 35

Statistics

Answer 35

the science of collecting, classifying, analyzing and interpreting numerical data.

Question 36

Descriptive statistics

Answer 36

summarizes or describes a large group of data. Used when all the information about a population is known.

Question 37

Central tendency

Answer 37

values about which the data tend to cluster.

Question 38

Mean

Answer 38

the average of the scores (the sum of the scores divided by the number of scores). The most common used measure of central tendency.

Question 39

Median

Answer 39

the middlemost score when a set of scores is arranged in order of magnitude. With an even number of scores, it is the average of the two middlemost scores.

Question 40

Mode

Answer 40

The score that occurs with the greatest frequency. If the score appears only once there is none of this.

Question 41

Variability

Answer 41

The degree of dispersion of scores within a group.

Question 42

Range

Answer 42

the interval from the lowest to the highest score.

Question 43

Z score

Answer 43

can be used to express the distance of any individual score in standard deviation units from the mean.

Question 44

Percentile rank

Answer 44

the percentage of test takers scoring below that individual.

Question 45

Inferential statistics

Answer 45

allow on to draw general conclusions about a population from information collected in a population sample.

Question 46

Athletic profile

Answer 46

a group of test results related to sport-specific abilities that are important for quality performance in a sport or sport position.

Question 47

Standard Deviation

Answer 47

the measure of the variability of a set of scores about the mean.