Section 2-Rules and Regulations Flashcards
Erosion
process in which, by the actions of wind or water, soil particles are detached and transported.
Sediment
Eroded material suspended in wind or water
Sedimentation
the deposition of eroded material
Splash Erosion
Raindrop impact energy is enough to dislodge surface sediments.
Sheet Erosion
caused by rain splash detaching soil particles lifting them up and removing them by shallow “sheets” of water flowing down the sloped soil surface.
Rill Erosion
As flow concentrates, small channels begin to form in the soil surface.
Gully Erosion
Gullies are formed when runoff cuts rills deeper and wider or when flows from several rills come together and form a large channel.
Channel Erosion
Channels may become unstable due to increased flows or changes in upstream sediment load
Natural Erosion
generally considered to be due to the influence of climatic forces on the surface of the earth.
Concern of accelerated Erosion
Accelerated erosion=natural erosion + human activities
9 Causes of accelerated erosion
- unrestricted development
- removal of surface cover
- increased imperviousness that increases runoff
- poor stewardship
- cause problems for down slope property owners
- create nuisance problems on adjacent streets
- clog streams and storm drains
- result in turbidity plumes in downstream water bodies
- cover sensitive habitat areas with sediment
4 Pollutant Export During Construction
- clearing and grading exposes soils
- eroded sediment and be transported
- also transports nutrients, pesticides, bacteria, organic matter, and toxic substances
- uncontrolled construction site sediment loads readily exceed hundreds of tons per acre per year
6 In-stream damages
- destruction of spawning areas, food sources, habitat
- direct toxicity to wildlife
- lake degradation
- filling of navigation channels
- impacts to commercial fisheries
- reduction of water storage capacities
Affects of Suspended Material
can affect light penetration, channel stability, fisheries and habitat.
4 Off-stream damages
- increased flood hazard
- increased water treatment costs
- decreased capacity in conveyance facilities
- higher infrastructure maintenance costs
Clean water act
was enacted with the intent of restoring and maintaining the chemical, physical and biological integrity of the waters of the United States.
Section 401
requires applicant that conducts any activity that may result in the discharge of any pollutant to obtain certification of those activities from the state in which the discharge originates. This is known as the Water Quality Certification for the project.
Section 402-
NPDES regulations
NPDES
permit to control discharges of pollutants from point sources
POTW
Publically owned treatment works
NURP (Nationwide Urban Runoff Program)-
program to identify the characteristics of storm water discharged through municipal, separate storm water systems (MS4s)-Study showed that runoff from residential, commercial and light industrial areas shows that storm water contained many of the same conventional and toxic pollutants regulated from process outfall and POTWs. Result-NPDES for all storm water discharges. Section 402(p)- were subject to immediate permitting.
Multi-sector general permit
29 industrial categories offers more tailored storm water management and monitoring requirements for covered industrial sectors, also added provisions to protect endangered species, historic preservation sites