section 2-prgramming

Question 1

languages

Answer 1

languages have functions that manually convert between data types (e.g string_to_int)

Question 2

data types

Answer 2

integer = whole numbers only 
real(float) =numbers with decimals 
boolean = true or false values 
character = a single letter,number,symbol...
string = represents texts

Question 3

operations

Answer 3

+ addition - subtraction
*multiplication / division
div= whole number mod=remainder

Question 4

assignment operator

Answer 4

the assignment operator arrow or = is used to assign values to to a variable

Question 5

comparison operators

Answer 5

are things like equal to ,greater than….

Question 6

data values

Answer 6

data values can be stores as constants or variables ,

constants and variables need to be declared before use

Question 7

constants

Answer 7

a constant is assigned to a value at design time

Question 8

variables

Answer 8

a variable on the other hand can be changed which therefore makes them more useful

Question 9

strings

Answer 9

strings are a data type made up of characters ,when manipulating strings you start at 0

Question 10

inputs

Answer 10

inputs can be received from many devices (keyboards ,mouses,webcam….)

Question 11

outputs

Answer 11

outputs are typically displayed (monitors)

Question 12

if statements

Answer 12

if statements allow you to check if a condition is true or false.
more complex if statements can be made by putting one if statement inside another one

Question 13

else if statements

Answer 13

else if statements are used to check multiple conditions and if they give out different outputs

Question 14

case statements

Answer 14

case statements can check is a variable have specific values

Question 15

repeat until loop

Answer 15

controlled by a condition or until a condition is true, you get an infinite loop if the condition is never true.
(same as ado until loop)

Question 16

while loops

Answer 16

while loops keep going while the condition is true .while loops are controlled by a condition at the start of the loop

Question 17

do-while loops

Answer 17

controlled by end of the loop.keep while if the condition is true

Question 18

for loops

Answer 18

for loops will repeat the code inside a fixed number of times.for loops are a type of definite iteration

Question 19

nested iteration

Answer 19

is typically having a loop inside another

Question 20

boolean operators

Answer 20

look in revisions guide!!!

Question 21

generating random numbers

Answer 21

random.int()

Question 22

random numbers

Answer 22

random numbers generate random selections(e.g stimulate a coin toss)

Question 23

using LEN()

Answer 23

the number of elements in an array can be found using the LEN() just like for strings

Question 24

arrays

Answer 24

arrays are a data structure that can store a group of data values of the came type ,under one name

Question 25

one-dimensional arrays

Answer 25

one-dimensional arrays are like lists
e.g creating arrays changing elements
retrieving elements number of elements

Question 26

creating arrays

Answer 26

start of with array name,assign and operator and putting data in [] with commas separating it

Question 27

retrieving elements

Answer 27

retrieving elements can be done by using the name of the array and elements position(starting at 0 not 1)

Question 28

changing elements

Answer 28

changing elements is done by reassigning the array position to a different data value

Question 29

two-dimensional arrays

Answer 29

two-dimensional arrays are like one-dimensional arrays where each element is also one dimensional arrays,you can change element the exact same way (using LEN())

Question 30

record

Answer 30

a record is a type of data structure like an array,it is used to store data,records can keep related info in one place

Question 31

fields

Answer 31

each item in a record is called a field ,but you cant add extra fields to a record as they have fixed sizes

Question 32

file handling

Answer 32

file handling allows for permanent data storage
you can open the file with the OPEN() function
you can close the file with the CLOSE() function
write can be written as WRITE() or WRITELINE() and vice versa with READ()

Question 33

ENDOFILE()

Answer 33

ENDOFILE() is a useful command that returns true if the cursor is at the end of the file

Question 34

subroutines

Answer 34

subroutines are a set of instructions stored under one name and it helps to avoid repeating codes.the actual values that the parameters take when the subroutine is called are sometimes named arguments.can be rep

subroutines can be repeated and are very reliable
subroutines that return values are called functions

Question 35

parameters

Answer 35

parameters are special variables used to pass values into a subroutine. for each parameter you can specify name, data….

Question 36

local variables

Answer 36

local variables can only be used within the structure they’re declared in (they have a local scope)

Question 37

global variables

Answer 37

global variables can be used anytime after their declaration (they have global scope)