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Computer Systems 1 > Section 2 - Networks > Flashcards

Section 2 - Networks Flashcards

1
Q

what does WAN stand for ?

A

wide area network

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2
Q

what does LAN stand for ?

A

local area network

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3
Q

what is the definition of Bandwidth ?

A

bandwidth is the amount of data that can be transmitted in a given period of time .

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4
Q

what is a computer network ?

A

a computer network is a number of computers linked together to allow them to share resource . computer networks can share hardware , software and data .

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5
Q

what does the acronym mbps stand for ?

A

Megabits per second.

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6
Q

how does bandwidth impact on the performance of a network in relation to the speed of the network ?

A

the amount of available bandwidth has a major impact on the performance of a network . the larger the amount of bandwidth that is available the more data that can be transmitted in a given period of time .

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7
Q

how does bandwidth impact on the performance of a network in relation to the type of media being accessed ?

A

where large media files are being streamed the amount of available bandwidth is particularly important. so users watching streamed HD content demand on bandwidth will be high. if there’s insufficient bandwidth this could result in a reduction of quality in the video.

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8
Q

how does bandwidth impact on the performance of a network in relation to the number of users ?

A

if there are a large number of users on the network the amount of bandwidth available to each user may be limited . this will result in data being transmitted at a slower rate which will slow down the performance of the network.

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9
Q

what are the differences between a LAN and a WAN ?

A

a LAN : covers a small geographical area whereas a WAN covers a wide geographical area .
All of the telecommunications equipment used in a LAN is owned by the organisation whereas a telecommunications company provides infrastructure for a WAN

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10
Q

what is meant by the term ‘ client server network ‘?

A

1)all devices are connected to a central server .

2) the central server receives and processes request from clients .
3) the server stores user account details and files .

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11
Q

what is a peer network ?

A

1) all computers have equal status
2) each device can act as a client and a server .
3) all devices can request and provide network services
4) no additional hardware /software needed to set up this type of network

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12
Q

whats are the differences in how a client-server network and a peer network save files ?

A

client-server

1) all files can be stored centrally
2) workers can access files from any computer
3) all the computer can update central database

peer-peer

1) files are stored on their own computers
2) users have to log in the same computer every time

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13
Q

what are the difference in how client-server and peer network back-up data?

A

client server

1) backups are easily managed as these can be done centrally from the file server.
2) all data is backed up in one go
3) individual computers do not need to be backed up

peer-peer

1)all computers are responsible for backing up their own files.

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14
Q

what are the differences in how client-server and peer network deal with security?

A

client server

1) centralised security
2) antivirus and firewall can be installed and configured from a central location .

peer-peer

1)individual security may need to installed on individual machines.

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15
Q

what environments is a client-server network and peer network most suitable for ?

A

peer-peer : is appropriate for a small number of computers and a low traffic environments

client-server : is useful when there are lots of computers and it will be a high traffic environments .

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16
Q

describe two reasons a business might choose a peer network model

A

All devices have equal status , there is no central server which makes them relatively easy to maintain .
There is no dependence on the server .if one devices fails only the information stored on that device will be inaccessible .
The network will still operate without that node .they are relatively easy to set up without the need for a IT specialist .

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17
Q

what hardware is required to set up a network ?

A

1) wireless access point (WAP)
2) router
3) switch
4) network interface card (NIC)
5) transmission media (e.g ethernet cable )
6) Modem

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18
Q

what is the purpose of a wireless access point (WAP) ?

A

allows for wireless devices to connect to a network (either LAN or WAN )

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19
Q

what is the purpose of a router ?

A

to transmit data between at least two different networks .

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20
Q

what does a switch do in a network ?

A

a switch is an interconnection device that connect two or more devices together and helps in solving the issues of data collections .

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21
Q

what is a data collision ?

A

when two or more computers place a packet onto a network at the same time .

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22
Q

how does a switch resolve a data collisions ?

A

as data packet arrives at the switch- its destination address is examined and the switch creates a direct connection to that devices .

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23
Q

what does a network interface card (NIC) do ?

A

a network interface card allows a computer to connect to a wired network .

24
Q

what are the two common wired transmission medias ?

A

1) Ethernet (Cat 5e / Cat6)

2) Fibre optic

25
Q

Give 2 reasons why fast broadband connections use fibre optics cables are the preferred choice of transmission media ?

A

1) fibre optics cables transmit data through light so do not suffer from electrical interference (unlike traditional copper wires )
2) data can be transmitted over very large distances without any loss of signal quality .
3) the are able to transmit data at a higher bandwidth .

26
Q

what is the internet ?

A

a worldwide collection of computers networks that are connected together

27
Q

what does DNS stand for ?

A

Domain name system / server

28
Q

what does the DNS do ?

A

the DNS has a list of all domain names and their associated IP addresses . the DNS redirects human-readable web addresses (like youtube.com) to the IP addresses the websites are hosted on (like 11.22.33.44)

29
Q

what is a Host ?

A

a server that stored files

30
Q

what is web hosting ?

A

placing your websites on web server so that other people can access your website .

31
Q

what is the ‘Cloud ‘?

A

the cloud is a network of remote servers that provide the provision of storage of data and software (unlike storing data locally )

32
Q

what are 3 benefits of cloud computing for a business ?

A

1) any user within the business will be able to load up files on any devices in any location as long as they have a data connection and the necessary permission.
2) if they runs out of storage capacity its easy to increase.
3) the data will be automatically backed up
4) there is no large upfront cost ,they will just have to pay a regular fee for the cloud services

33
Q

what are the disadvantages of cloud computing ?

A

connection - you can only access data / service if there is network connection
security - data stored on cloud is vulnerable to security hacks
software - web apps tend not to have have as much functionality as full software package .
limited storage - storage space may be limited , wheres its possible to purchase physical storage for local storage (external hard drive )

34
Q

what is a ‘virtual network ‘?

A

a software based network . several virtual networks can exist on single physical network . different group of users can have their own virtual network.

35
Q

what are the benefits of a virtual network ?

A

1) easier to maintain a network and also leads to a flexible network setup
2) machines can be added and removed from a virtual network without having to re-wire

36
Q

what is meant by the term VPN ?

A

a virtual private network : that can be used to send data securely over a WAN

37
Q

what factors could reduce the signal strength between a device and a WAP ?

A

1) distance from WAP
2) objects such as walls and doors
3) other electrical devices could interfere with the signal

38
Q

how does fibre optics cables transmit signals ?

A

light is passed through the cable using a transmitter .

39
Q

what are the disadvantages of using fibre optic cables over traditional copper wires ?

A

1) infrastructure - a lot of the areas in the UK still only have copper wire
2) expense - its expensive to replace copper cables with fibre optic ones.

40
Q

how do copper wires send signals ?

A

electrical signals

41
Q

how does a browser,ISP , DNS , name server and host server work together to display a webpage ?

A

1) enter URL into browser
2) browser request IP address of site from ISP
3) ISP request IP address from DNS server
4) DNS responds with details of the name server
5) ISP asks name server for site IP address
6) name server responds with IP address of the Host
7) ISP sends IP address to the browser
8) browser send request to the server hosting the site
9) server hosting the site sends across content
10) Browser receives website content
11) websites displayed the user .

42
Q

What are 2 reason why you may have chosen to use a star network topology ?

A

**they are very reliable

**if one connection fails it does not affect the rest of the network .

**there are few data collisions

** relatively easy to add additional devices onto the network

43
Q

What are 2 disadvantage of using a star network topology instated of mesh network?

A

There’s a high level of dependence on one single central devices
**if the central devices fails the whole network will fail

**The number of of additional devices that can be added to the network could be restricted by the central devices

44
Q

What’s the definition of protocols ?

A

A set rules that govern how devices communicate

45
Q

What does the term POP stand for ?

A

Post office protocol

46
Q

What’s the protocol that’s used to transmit data between different network ?

A

TCP/IP (transmission control protocol /internet protocol)

47
Q

What’s the difference between HTTP/HTTPs?

A

HTTP transmit data over the internet in a unsecure format whereas HTTPs uses encryption so that any data that is intercepted is meaningless .

48
Q

Data is transmitted across a network in packets .What are 3 items that each data packet will contain

A

** packet number

** network address destination

**payload

49
Q

What are the characteristic of these protocols (HTTP, IMAP ,SMTP)

A

HTTP : used by web browsers to communicate with web servers

IMAP : used to retrieve emails

SMTP :used to send emails

50
Q

Protocols are divided into layers . Why are layers used ?

A

** to ensured that if changes are made in one layer they do not affect any other layers because they are self-contained

**

51
Q

How does packet switching work ?

A

1) data is split into individual packets
2) each packets is given a packet number (order)
3) The router read the packet number and send it to the next location
4) The receiving device will read the packets number and reassemble the data in the correct order
5) as the device reassemble the data from the packets if a packet is missing it will send an error message to the sending device requesting that the packet is resent
6) the sending device will resend the packet
7) once all the packet are received and reassemble the receiving device will calculate the checksum to ensure that none of the data has become corrupted
8) a confirmation message will be send from the receiving device to the sending device

52
Q

What’s the difference between an IP address and a MAC address ?

A

MAC address is permanently assigned to a device on the network whereas an IP address may change when the devices joins a different network

53
Q

What’s the difference between static and dynamic IP address ?

A

A static IP address never change whereas a dynamic IP address may change when logo on to a network or change network

54
Q

What’s does the acronym FTP stand for?

A

File transfer protocol

55
Q

What does POP3 stand for?

A

Post office protocol version 3

56
Q

What’s the purpose of POP3

A

To retrieve emails

Computer Systems 1 (3 decks)

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