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IGCSE ICT > Section 2 - Input and output devices > Flashcards

Section 2 - Input and output devices Flashcards

1
Q

What are ‘input devices’?

A

Hardware devices that allow data to be entered into a computer

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2
Q

What are the two types of input devices?

A

Manual input devices

Direct input devices

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3
Q

Manual input devices

A

Data is input into the computer by hand (people have to do most of the work).

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4
Q

Keyboard

A
  • Text, numbers and instructions
  • Used to input data into applications
  • Used to enter commands into the computer.
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5
Q

Numeric keypads

A
  • Used to enter numbers into a computer system

- Used in: ATMs, telephones, chip and pin devices

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6
Q

Pointing devices

A
  • Used to control a cursor on a screen.
  • Mice:
    Opening, closing, maximising and minimising programs and files
    Moving, grouping and deleting files
    Using applications
  • Touchpad:
    Replacement of mouse
    Same uses as mice
  • Tracker ball:
    Same functions as mice
    More comfortable to use than mice
    Some arcade gaming machines use tracker ball’s to control gaming characters on screen.
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7
Q

Remote control

A
  • Used to control other devices using infrared signals
  • Home entertainment systems use remote controls: DVD / Blu-ray players, TV etc.
  • Industry uses remote controls to operate machinery that might be too dangerous to get near to: activating explosives in demolition.
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8
Q

Joysticks

A
  • Similar functions to mice and trackballs.
  • Can control characters or objects in video games
  • Can control industrial machinery
  • Used in simulators.
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9
Q

Touch screens

A
  • Input commands into a computer by pressing or touching buttons / icons on the screen.
  • Users can touch or press icons on the screen removes the need to use a mouse.
  • Mobile phones and PDAs use touch screens.
  • Interactive whiteboards in schools.
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10
Q

Scanners

A
  • Used to enter information on paper into a computer.
  • Reflects light off the hard copy in order to capture an analogue image of the document then converts it to digital format.
    E.g. old photograph (analogue) -> scanner converts photo into digital data -> digital data can be stored on a computer.
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11
Q

Graphics tablet

A
  • Used by artists and designers to easily create and store digital graphics in a computer
  • Whatever is drawn onto tablet can be seen on a computer screen.
  • Allow designers to produce digital images much more accurately than if they were using a mouse.
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12
Q

Light pens

A
  • Used by directly drawing or selecting icons on a computer screen.
  • Works by: Picking up light from the computer screen + signaling to the computer exactly where light picked up
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13
Q

Microphones

A
  • Used to input analogue sounds into a digital computer.
  • Used in voice recognition software.
  • Used in gaming so that gamers can talk to each other.
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14
Q

Digital cameras

A
  • Store digital photographs on a memory card.
  • Built-in screen to allow for previewing
  • Capture video and sound
  • Exists in almost all modern mobile phones.
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15
Q

Web cameras

A
  • Used to conduct face-to-face conversations such as Skype.
  • Video-conferencing
  • Capture image and video content
  • Alternative to security cameras.
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16
Q

Direct input devices

A

Data is input into the computer directly by a machine / device.

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17
Q

Barcode readers

A
  • Reads and outputs printed barcodes to a computer.

- Used in supermarkets, stores

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18
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of barcode readers

A

ads:
- Quick & easy to change products price (all digital)
- Easy to get info on system (only have to scan)
- Automatic stock control.
- Very accurate->no typing

disads:
- Expensive(each item needs a barcode / computer technology / database needed)
- Can only read undamaged barcodes
- Barcodes can be swapped.

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19
Q

Optical mark readers (OMR)

A
  • Captures human-marked data

- Often used to read multiple choice examinations where students shade in areas they think are correct.

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20
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of OMR

A

ads:
- Very fast method of marking because it is automatic.
- Accurate because it automatically transfers data.
- Can save money from employing people

disads:

  • Forms need to be accurately designed.
  • Can only read shaded areas.
  • If forms are filled incorrectly, they cannot be read.
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21
Q

Magnetic ink character recognition (MCR)

A
  • Read information printed in a special ink, then convert it into form that computer can understand.
    Write customer account numbers on cheques.
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22
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of MCR

A

ads:
- Cheques can be processed very quickly.
- Special ink characters cannot be changed, increases security.
- No manual inputs -> less errors.

disads:

  • Only limited characters can be read.
  • More expensive than other devices.
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23
Q

Magnetic Stripes Reader

A
  • Read magnetics stripes that are found on back of credit cards, loyalty cards etc.
  • Magnetic strips contain the user’s personal details such as account no, and name.
24
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of magnetic stripes reader

A

ads:
- Simple for people to use.
- Cards are inexpensive to make.
- Data on the card can be altered.
- Security is improved by PIN numbers.

disads:
- Limited storage for data.
- Data can be destroyed by strong magnetic fields.
- Not always secure because thieves can read the data on the card.

25
Q

Biometric devices

A
  • Use fingerprint and retinal identification.
  • Identify at ATMs to withdraw cash, or register you at schools.
  • Devices capture the biometric data => then passed to a computer for processing and identification.
26
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of biometric devices

A

ads:
- Security because only you can confirm your identity
- Convenient since no need for passwords.

disads:

  • Injuries can lead to false biometrics.
  • Expensive
  • Can be hacked
27
Q

Optical character reader (OCR)

A
  • Consists of a scanner + special software
  • Lets us scan text on paper into a computer
  • Into computer, OCR software converts scanned text into a digital format
28
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of OCR

A

ads:
- Fast way of entering hard-copy text into a computer
- Cheaper than paying an employee to manually re-type printed text into a computer
- Avoids typing errors as the process is automatic

disads:

  • The system can have difficulty reading handwriting
  • Not 100% accurate
  • Needs to be manually checked for errors -> time consuming
29
Q

Chip and PIN reader

A
  • Used in debit cards (chip implanted)

- Compare stored info in the card and compare it to the PIN number typed in by user.

30
Q

What are ‘output devies’?

A

hardware devices that allow information to be sent out of a computer system.

31
Q

Temporary output

A

a computer monitor produces images on the screen that constantly refresh and change

32
Q

Permanent output

A

a printer produces outputs as hard copies on paper.

33
Q

CRT monitor

A
  • Stands for ‘cathode ray tube’
  • Old, bulky, heavy monitors
  • Becoming rare as TFT monitors are replacing them.
34
Q

CRT monitor uses

A
  • Allows users to see outputs from the computer

- Used with light pens to allow drawings to be created on screen

35
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of CRT monitor

A

ads:
- Can be used with light pens to create drawings on screen
- Larger range of colours than TFT monitors
- Screen angle is better than with TFTs
- Cheaper than TFT screens

disads:

  • Very large and bulky
  • Create a lot of heat
  • Screen glare makes viewing difficult
  • Need more power than TFTs to operate
36
Q

TFT monitor

A
  • Stands for ‘thin film transistor’
  • Thin flat screened monitors that are commonly seen today
  • Most popular computer screens
37
Q

TFT monitor uses

A

Used as screens in laptops, computer, mobile phones

38
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of TFT monitor

A

ads:
- Lightweight so perfect for portable laptops
- Very thin and take up less space
- Produce much less glare than CRT
- Less power
- Emit less radiation
- Produce less heat

disads:

  • Images can appear unclear when viewed from an angle
  • Lower picture quality
  • Cannot be used with Light Pens yet
39
Q

Laser printer

A
  • Produce high quality hard copy outputs
  • Use toner pressed on a page to produce printed documents
  • Can print large amounts of pages at a very quick rate
  • Work by using a laser beam to ‘draw’ onto a drum
40
Q

Laser printer uses

A

Used in schools, businesses, offices

41
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of laser printer

A

ads:
- Very fast at printing documents
- Toner cartridges last a long time
- Can handle high volumes of printing
- Very quiet
- Very high quality
- Reliable
- Cheaper to run than inkjets

disads:
- Environmentally unfriendly (produces ozone)
- More expensive to buy
- Colour laser printers are much more expensive to buy than inkjets
- Larger in size compared to other types of printers

42
Q

Inkjet printer

A
  • Produce high quality hard copies on paper
  • Quality not as good as laser printers, but better than dot matrix
  • Have small amounts of internal memory (RAM) to store print jobs printing slow
43
Q

Inkjet printer uses

A
  • Good where few printouts are needed
  • Ideal for single-page, very high quality
  • Often used to print photographs
44
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of inkjet printer

A

ads:

  • Output is very high quality
  • Much cheaper to buy than laser printers
  • Smaller than laser printers so take up less space
  • Very quiet whilst printing

disads:

  • Slow printing rates
  • Ink cartridges don’t last long, not suitable for large print jobs
  • Expensive to run
  • Printouts can easily smudge if document not left to dry properly
45
Q

Dot matrix printer

A
  • Slow, noisy and produce poor quality outputs

- Work by using a set of pins to press an inked ribbon against paper

46
Q

Dot matrix uses

A
  • Very robust and can be used in noisy and dirty environments
  • Used in environments where print speed and noise is not an issue
47
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of dot matrix printer

A

ads:

  • Work fine in dusty + dirty environments
  • Very cheap to buy and maintain
  • Good for continuous printing

disads:

  • Very noisy
  • Very slow
  • Very poor quality
48
Q

Wide format printer / plotter

A
  • Two types: drum and flatbed
  • Are capable of printing on very large pieces of paper
  • High quality
  • Draw images on page using coloured pens
49
Q

Plotter uses

A
  • Used to produce large, accurate drawings like:
    Blueprints of buildings
    Maps
    Giant posters and adverts
50
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of plotter

A

ads:

  • Can produce much larger printouts than other printers
  • Print quality is extremely high
  • Can ‘cut out’ designs for use in sign making

disads:

  • Print times are very slow
  • Very expensive to buy and maintain
51
Q

Speakers

A
  • Connected directly to computer/are built into monitor

- Speakers are analogue

52
Q

Speakers uses

A
  • Output sound from multimedia presentations
  • Home entertainment
  • Can be used by blind people to listen to words on the screen
  • Can be used play downloaded music files
53
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of speakers

A

ads:
- Everyone in the room can hear the sound
- They can help blind people use a computer

disads:

  • Output from speakers can disturb people trying to work
  • High quality speakers can be expensive
54
Q

Multimedia projector

A
  • Project whatever appears on computer monitor onto large screen so a lot of people can view it
  • Controlled using a remote control
55
Q

Multimedia projector uses

A
  • Large scale advertising of new products
  • Home cinemas
  • Training presentations
56
Q

Advantages + disadvantages of multimedia projectors

A

ads:

  • Many people to clearly view the same presentation
  • Enhance the viewer’s experience

disads:

  • Lower image quality compared to a computer screen
  • Expensive to buy
  • Cooling fans in the projector are noisy

IGCSE ICT (10 decks)

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