Section 2 - Human Nutrition

Question 1

Test for starch

Answer 1

Iodine
orange → black

Question 2

Test for glucose

Answer 2

Benedict solution
blue → yellow/orange/red

Question 3

Test for proteins

Answer 3

biuret.
blue → pink/purple

Question 4

Test for lipid (fat)

Answer 4

ethanol.
creates a white emulsion

Question 5

What are carbohydrates made up of

Answer 5

They contain complex carbohydrates such as starch and glycogen, which are made up of many smaller units (e.g. glucose or maltose)

Question 6

What are proteins made up of

Answer 6

amino acid

Question 7

What are lipids made up of

Answer 7

glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 8

Function and source of carbohydrates

Answer 8

main source of energy needed for the body.
contained in fruits, pasta, bread.

Question 9

Function and source of proteins

Answer 9

needed for growth and repair of tissue (including enzyme)
contained in meat, fish and eggs

Question 10

Function and source of lipids

Answer 10

essential part for the structure of all cells. A long-term source of energy and fat layer under the skin acts as insulation and around the organs protect from damage.
contained in butter, cheese, milk

Question 11

Function and source of fibre

Answer 11

gives the muscle of the gut something to push against to prevent constipation
contained in benas, whole-wheat cereal

Question 11

Function of water

Answer 11

preventing dehydration

Question 12

Function and source of vitamin A

Answer 12

making a chemical in the retina to help with vision and prevent night blindness
contained in fish, carrots, oily fish

Question 13

Function and source of vitamin B1

Answer 13

helps with cell respiration and prevents beriberi
contained in yeast, cereals

Question 14

Function and source of vitamin B2

Answer 14

healthy skin and helps with cell respiration
contained in green vegetables, fish and eggs

Question 15

Function and source of vitamin B3

Answer 15

helps with cell respiration and prevents pellagra
contained in meat, fish or vegetables

Question 16

Function and source of vitamin C

Answer 16

healthy skin, bones, blood vessels, helps sticks cells lining surface together and prevents scurvy
contained in citrus fruits

Question 17

Function and source of vitamin D

Answer 17

helps bones absorb calcium and prevents rickets
contained in fish, oil

Question 18

Function and source of calcium

Answer 18

making teeth and bones
contained in dairy products

Question 19

Function and source of phosphorus

Answer 19

making teeth and bones and forms part of the DNA and ATP
contained in most foods

Question 20

Function and source of sodium

Answer 20

needed for maintaining correct concentration in plasma
contained in table salt

Question 21

Function and source of chlorine

Answer 21

needed for maintaining correct concentration in plasma
contained in table salt

Question 22

Function and source of magnesium

Answer 22

needed for making bones
contained in green vegetables

Question 23

Function and source of iron

Answer 23

part of hemoglobin in red blood cells which delivers oxygen
contained in red meat, liver and spinach

Question 24

Peristalsis

Answer 24

the circular muscles and longitudinal muscles working together to produce wave-like contractions that pushes the bolus through the gut

Question 25

Assimilation

Answer 25

soluble food products are absorbed from the blood into the cells

Question 26

Ingestion

Answer 26

taking food into the body through the mouth

Question 27

Egestion

Answer 27

removal of faeces by the body, which are waste products

Question 28

Excretion

Answer 28

the removal of waste materials that are products of the cells of the body (CO₂, urine)

Question 29

Digestion

Answer 29

the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food, converting large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules

Question 30

Mouth

Answer 30

the teeth chew food, breaking it down into smaller pieces

Question 31

Salivary glands

Answer 31

makes saliva containing amylase which breaks down starch into maltose (glucose)

Question 32

Oesophagus

Answer 32

peristalsis occurring which push the food towards the stomach

Question 33

Stomach

Answer 33

the wall of the stomach have muscle which contracts to pummel the food, breaking it into smaller pieces protease breaks down protein into amino acid

Question 34

Liver

Answer 34

makes bile which is stored in the gall bladder

Question 35

role of bile

Answer 35

gets released into the small intestine and neutralise the acid in the food from the stomach. it emulsifies fats and breaks down into smaller parts for the lipase to act

Question 36

Pancreas

Answer 36

organ that makes and releases digestive juices containing enzymes to break down food

Question 37

Small intestine

Answer 37

where small digested molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 38

large intestine

Answer 38

where water passes back into the body, leaving solid waste

Question 39

rectum

Answer 39

faeces are stored before being passed out of the body

Question 40

anus

Answer 40

muscular ring through which faeces pass out of the body