Section 2 - Formation of Ions

Question 1

Define ionisation energy?

Answer 1

Energy needed to remove 1 electron from each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms to form 1 mole of gaseous 1+ ions.

Question 2

How do you take an electron out of its electron shell?

Answer 2

Overcoming attraction between electron and positive nucleus by adding energy

Question 3

What 3 things affect ionisation energy?

Answer 3

Nuclear charge - The more protons in nucleus means more positively charged nucleus, creates stronger attraction with electrons

Distance from nucleus - Inner shells more attracted to nucleus meaning stronger attraction. Attraction decreases with distance

Shielding - Inner electron shells can stop outer shells feeling full force of nuclear charge. More inner shells means more shielding meaning lower ionisation energy.

Question 4

Which stable ion has a +1 charge?

Answer 4

Ammonium

Question 5

Which stable ions have a -2 charge?

Answer 5

Sulfate
Carbonate
Sulfite

Question 6

Which stable ions have a -1 charge?

Answer 6

Hydroxide
Nitrate
Hydrogencarbonate
Cyanide

Question 7

What is an oxidation number?

Answer 7

Tells how many electrons an atom has donated or accepted after reaction