Section 2 - Cell Structure

Question 1

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 1

Contains the genetic material that controls what the cell does

Question 2

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 2

Contains enzymes that speed up biochemical reactions

Question 3

What does the cell membrane do?

Answer 3

Holds cell together and controls what goes in and out

Question 4

What happens in the mitochondria?

Answer 4

Where glucose and oxygen are used to produce energy

Question 5

What does the rigid cell wall do?

Answer 5

Made of cellulose and gives the cell support

Question 6

What is the vacuole?

Answer 6

Contains cell sap which is a weak solution of sugar and salts

Question 7

What do chloroplasts do?

Answer 7

Contain chlorophyll to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 8

How far can an electron microscope magnify objetcs?

Answer 8

1500000x

Question 9

What is an electron micrograph?

Answer 9

The image recorded by an electron microscope

Question 10

What is DNA?

Answer 10

Deoxyribonucleic acid which is the coded info needed to make proteins

Question 11

What happens to the chromosomes carrying the DNA during cell division?

Answer 11

They coil up and become shorter and thicker

Question 12

What are eukaryotic organisms?

Answer 12

Organisms made up of cells with a true nucleus

Question 13

What are prokaryotic organisms?

Answer 13

Organisms with cells that don’t have a membrane around their DNA

Question 14

What are examples of prokaryotic organisms?

Answer 14

Bacteria

Question 15

Explain the difference between the inner and outer membrane of a mitochondrion

Answer 15

The inner membrane is folded while the outer membrane is smooth

Question 16

What is the job of the mitochondria?

Answer 16

To capture the energy in glucose in a form that the cell can use

Question 17

What happens to the energy captured from glucose in mitochondria?

Answer 17

Ends up in molecules of ATP

Question 18

Give examples of what ATP is used for in cells

Answer 18

Muscle contraction, active transport and building large molecules from small ones

Question 19

What is the cell membrane made of?

Answer 19

A double layer of phospholipid molecules

Question 20

What can be embedded in the phospholipid molecules?

Answer 20

Bigger protein molecules like carrier proteins

Question 21

What is diffusion?

Answer 21

The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 22

What is the concentration gradient?

Answer 22

The difference in concentration

Question 23

What characteristic of the cell membrane allows diffusion to occur?

Answer 23

The small gaps between the phospholipid molecules

Question 24

What is osmosis?

Answer 24

The net movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration

Question 25

Explain the role of carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion

Answer 25

Molecules like glucose are too large to pass through by themselves so they fit onto the outside end of their own specific carrier protein which changes shape and allows the molecule to pass through

Question 26

Explain the role of carrier proteins in active transport

Answer 26

The substance fits into a specific carrier protein then molecules of ATP provide the energy to change the shape of the protein, which then allows the substance to pass through

Question 27

What are the carrier proteins that are used in active transport also known as?

Answer 27

Pumps, because they're moving substances against a concentration gradient