Section 2 Bio

Question 1

Cell membrane

Answer 1

-Acts as a protective barrier.

-Allows for transport of materials into and waste out of the cell.

-Because its outer layer has receptor proteins, it is important in cell communication.

Question 2

Cell Wall

Answer 2

Found only in plants and bacteria.

-a rigid frame that gives plant cells strength and support.

-is part of what allows plants to grow very tall but remain strong.

Question 3

Cytoplasm

Answer 3

-A gel like substance that gives the cell structure.

-the organelles are suspended in the cytoplasm and can move around through the process of cytoplasmic streaming.

Question 4

Cytoskeleton

Answer 4

-Filaments inside the cytoplasm that act like a framework.

-similar to the role that your Skelton plays in your body

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

-Contains DNA, the genetic material of the cell.

-Directs all cellular activities, including mitosis.

Question 6

Vacuole

Answer 6

-membrane-bound structures that stores water in plants.

-Turgor pressure makes the plant cell firm (or turgid)

-if the vacuole is not full, the cells become weak and the plant wilts.

Question 7

Vesicles

Answer 7

Small bubbles with the small structure as the cell membrane.

-transport substances throughout the cell.

Question 8

Golgi apparatus

Answer 8

-Flat discs involved in packaging and transport.

-Receives the products assembled in the ER and transports them out of the cell.

Question 9

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 9

-series of tubes branching off the nuclear envelope

Question 10

Rough ER

Answer 10

-Has a grainy appearance due to the attached ribosomes

-responsible for synthesizing proteins

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

-granules attached to the ER

-take amino acid building blocks and assemble them into proteins.

Question 12

Smooth ER

Answer 12

-has a smooth appearance

-takes lipid building blocks and assembles fats and oils.

Question 13

lysosomes

Answer 13

-membrane-bound sacs containing strong digestive enzymes.

-kill invading bacteria and destroy damages cell organelles.

-if a cell malfunctions, its lysosomes will burst and kill the cell before an infection spreads.

Question 14

Chloroplasts

Answer 14

-found only in plants

-contain a green pigment called chlorophyll.

-site of photosynthesis

-converts the suns energy into glucose and O2

Question 15

Mitochondria

Answer 15

-site of Cellular respiration

-chemical energy (glucose) is converted into usable energy for the cell.

-cells with higher energy needs are packed with mitochondria.

Question 16

what are the 5 differences between Plant and Animal cells?

Answer 16

-Plants have cell walls

-plants store energy as starches and oils, animals as glycogen or fats.

-animal cells have more mitochondria because their energy needs are higher

-plant cells have chloroplasts and chlorophyll.

-Plant cells have a large central vacuole.

Question 17

what are Lipids?

Answer 17

Fats and Oils

Question 18

What are Carbohydrates?

Answer 18

Sugars, Starches, Glycogen

Question 19

What are nucleic Acids?

Answer 19

They make up DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

Question 20

particle model of matter

Answer 20

-All matter is made of particles, but they may be different in size and composition.
-the particles are constantly moving, and move least in solids and most in gases.
-The particles of matter are attached to one another or bonded together.
-Particles have spaces between them, and are typically greatest in gases and smallets in solids.

Question 21

What does Semi-permeable

Answer 21

it allows some substances to pass through, but not everything.

Question 22

what is passive and active transportation?

Answer 22

passive transportation does not take energy to pass through the cell membrane.

in active transportation, substances move against the concentration gradient, from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

Question 23

what is diffusion?

Answer 23

method of transport for molecules that are fat-soluble, or very small molecules like
O2 and CO2. because these molecules either dissolve or they are small, they have no restrictions. (passive transport)

Question 24

what is osmosis?

Answer 24

similar to diffusion except deals with solely with the movement of water molecules. (passive transport)

Question 25

isotonic solution

Answer 25

concentration inside and outside the cell is equal.
-when a cell is placed in a isotonic solution there is no net movement of water in and out of the cell.

Question 26

Hypotonic

Answer 26

The concentration of solutes outside the cell is lower then inside the cell.
Hypo = lower
In an effort to find equilibrium water will flow from the extracellular fluid (ECF) into the cell.

The cell becomes bloated and “overfull” and can eventually rupture (called plasmolysis.
Animal cells will appear swollen and may burst
Plant cells will appear turgid and the plant will appear.

Question 27

Hypertonic

Answer 27

the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than inside the cell.
Hyper = higher

In an effort to find the equilibrium, water will flow from the cell into the ECF.

The cell becomes shrivelled and dried up.

Water is flowing out of the cell, which becomes shrivelled and dried up.
Animal cells will appear shrivelled and may die.

Question 28

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 28

diffusion that is water will flow from the extracellular fluid into the cell.

(passive transport)

Question 29

Active transport

Answer 29

requires extra energy and work by the cell.
Low to high-concentration

Question 30

Endocytosis

Answer 30

a vesicle forms around the solute.
The vesicle has the same phospholipid structure as the cell membrane.
Because it requires rearranging the cell membrane, instead the cell will use a process called endocytosis
Endo = In
Cyto= Cell

Question 31

Exocytosis

Answer 31

The reverse of endocytosis.
A vesicle formed by the Golgi apparatus surrounds the molecule and transports it to the membrane.
The vesicle merges with the membrane, releasing the molecule into the ECF