Section 2: Autonomics Flashcards
Hemicholinium
Class: ACh reuptake inhibitor
Botulinum toxin
Class: ACh release inhibitor
Mech: inhibits SNARE proteins
Bethanachol
Class: Direct-acting cholimimetic
Use: Ileus, urinary retention
Methacholine
Class: direct-acting cholimimetic
Use: Dx bronchial hyperreactivity
Pilocarpine
Class: Direct-acting cholimimetic
Use: Glaucoma (topical), xerostomia
Edrophonium
Class: AChEI
Use: Dx myasthenia gravis
Physostigmine
Class: AChEI
Use: Glaucoma, antidote for atropine OD
Note: Tertiary amine, enters CNS
Neostigmine
Class: AChEI
Use: Ileus, urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of non-depolarizing NMJ blockers
Pyridostigmine
Class: AChEI
Use: Ileus, urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reversal of non-depolarizing NMJ blockers
Donepezil
Class: AChEI
Use: Alzheimer disease
Note: Lipid soluble, enters CNS
Organophosphates
Class: AChEI
Use: Glaucoma (echothiophate)
Note: Lipid soluble, irreversible inhibitors
Atropine
Class: M receptor antagonists
Use: Antispasmodic, antisecretory, AChE OD, antidiarrheal, ophthalmology
Tropicamide
Class: M receptor antagonists
Use: Ophthalmology
Ipratropium, tiotropium
Class: M receptor antagonists
Use: Asthma & COPD (inhaled)
Scopolamine
Class: M receptor antagonists
Use: Motion sickness
S/E: Sedation, short-term memory block
Benztropine
Class: M receptor antagonists
Use: Parkinsonism, acute extrapyramidal symptoms induced by antipsychotics
Trihexphenidyl
Class: M receptor antagonists
Use: Parkinsonism, acute extrapyramidal symptoms induced by antipsychotics
Hexamethonium
Class: Ganglion blocker
Mecamylamine
Class: Ganglion blocker
Phenylephrine
Class: α1 agonist
Use: Nasal decongestant, ophthalmology (mydriasis w/o cycloplegia)
Clonidine, methyldopa
Class: α2 agonist
Use: HTN
Isoproterenol
Class: Nonselective β agonist
Use: Bronchospasm, heart block, bradyarrhythmias
S/E: Flushing, angina, arrhythmias
Dobutamine
Class: β1 agonist
Use: CHF
Note: β1 > β2
Salmeterol
Albuterol
Class: β2 agonist
Use: Asthma
Terbuatline
Class: β2 agonist
Use: Asthma, premature labor
Norepinephrine
Class: α1, α2, β1 agonist
Use: Cardiac arrest, adjunct to local anesthetic, hypotension
Epinephrine
Class: Mixed adrenergic agonist (hits all 4 receptors)
Use: Cardiac arrest, adjunct to local anesthetic, hypotension, anaphylaxis, asthma
Low dose looks like isoproterenol, high dose looks like NE
Tyramine
Class: Indirect adrenergic agonist; releaser
Note: In red wine, fancy cheezes and meats
Amphetamines
Class: Indirect adrenergic agonist; releaser
Use: Narcolepsy, ADHD (methylphenidate)
Ephedrine
Class: Indirect adrenergic agonist; releaser
Use: Cold medication
Cocaine
Class: Indirect adrenergic agonist; reuptake inhibitor
TCAs
Class: Indirect adrenergic agonist; reuptake inhibitor
Phentolamine
Class: Nonselective α antagonist
Use: HTN during surgery, Dx pheochromocytoma
Phenoxybenzamine
Class: Nonselective α antagonist
Use: Pheochromocytoma
-zosyns
Class: α1 antagonist
Use: BPH
Examples: Prazosin, Doxazosin, Terazosin, Tamulosin
Mirtazapine
Class: α2 antagonist
Use: Depression
Pindolol
Class: β antagonist
Use: Angina, HTN, post-MI
Propranolol
Class: β antagonist
Use: Angina, HTN, post-MI, antiarrhythmic, migraine, thyrotoxicosis, performance anxiety, essential tremor
Timolol
Class: β antagonist
Use: Angina, HTN, post-MI, glaucoma
Atenolol
Class: β antagonist
Use: Angina, HTN, post-MI
Metoprolol
Class: β antagonist
Use: Angina, HTN, post-MI, glaucoma
Note: Same as atenolol
Carvedilol
Class: α1 and β antagonist
Use: Angina, HTN, post-MI, CHF
Labetalol
Class: α1 and β antagonist
Use: Angina, HTN, post-MI, HTN emergency
Sotalol
Class: β & K+ channel antagonist
Acebutolol
Class: β1 antagonist
Use: Angina, HTN, post-MI, antiarrhythmic
