Section 2 a)+b)+c) Periodic Table, Group 1 elements & Group 7 Elements Flashcards
Positions of metals and non metals
Metals- left
Non metals- right of dividing line
Dividing line- starts in group 3 between B and Al and zig zags down to between Po and At.
Classifications of metals and non metals - conductivity, acid-base character
Metals- conduct, oxides and bases (a chemical property)
Non metals- don’t conduct (exception graphite), oxides and acidic (sulphur dioxide)
Term group and period
Group- columns (verticale)
Period- rows (horizontal)
Why éléments in the same group have similar chemical properties
All have the same number of outer shell electrons- for example group 1 elements all have 1 in their outer shell, and they all want to get rid of one to get a full outer shell.
Nobel gases (group 0) - family of inert gases
They are ‘inert’ gases because they rarely react at all.
They are unreactuve/inert because they have FULL OUTER SHELLS and so they do not need to gain/lose/share electrons
Group 1 elements- reaction with water
All react with water to form a metal hydroxide and hydrogen
Reaction: Metals move around surface of water Fizzing/bubbling seen Metal completely reacts Colourless solution formed if Ui present green- blue/purple
-potassium ignites- lilac flame
Sodium ignites only if movement restricted- yellow/orange flame
Lithium does not ignite
Réactive réactivités of group 1
More reactive as you go down the group
Group 7 elements- chlorine, bromine, iodine
Chlorine- pale/green gas
Bromine- red/brown liquid
Iodine- dark grey solid
Other halogens in group 7
Fluorine- pale coloured gas
Astatine- dark coloured solid (black)
Reactivity decreases going down group 7
Difference between hydrogen chloride gas and hydrochloric acid
Hydrogen chloride gas is HCL (g) - simple molecule, hydrogen and chlorine are covalently bonded
Hydrogen chloride gas dissolved in water - hydrochloride acid (HCL (aq))
Molecules fully dissociate to form hydrogen ions - H+ and chloride ions Cl-
Hydrogen ions make solutions acidic
Dissociation- why hydrogen chloride is acidic in water and why methylbenzene is not
Hydrogen chloride forms acidic solutions in water because its HCL molecules are able to dissociate to form hydrogen ions
- turns blue litmus paper – red
Melthybenzene, hcl molecules cannot dissociate so no hydrogen ions are formed therefore the solution is not acidic
Would have no effect on blue litmus paper- stay blue
Relative réactivions- group 7
Reactivity of group 7 elements decreases as you go down the group
Experiment to demonstrate that a more réactivité halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from a solution of one of its salts
Find sheet H&S E11
Understand there displacement reactions as redox reactions
E.g. Cl2 aq plus 2Br aq to Br2 aq and 2cl aq
The chlorine atoms in the chlorine molecule gain electrons to become chloride ions (they are reduced) and the bromide ions will lose electrons to become a bromine molecule (they are oxidised)
OILRIG
