Section 2 Flashcards
1st Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created
Energy canot be destroyed, but can change form
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
Energy is lost as we convert it (entropy)
All energy ends as heat
Metabolism
the biochemical reactions of a cell
Oxidation
the loss of one or more electrons by a participant in a chemical reaction
Reduction
The gain of one or more electrons by a participant in a chemical reaction
Redox Reactions
Oxidation-reduction reactions: a chemical reaction in which one reactant is oxidized and another is reduced
Enzyme
A protein that controls chemical reactions. Homeostatis is vital for enzymes. They are very specific and can manipulate energy, reaction chains, and cycles
Photosynthesis
Biochemical reactions that enable organisms to harness sunlight energy to manufacture organic molecules.
General formula:
Carbon Dioxide + water + energy (sunlight) = Glucose + Oxygen
Light Reactions (Hill Reaction)
Photosynthesis Part I
Basic to remember: water and energy go in, oxygen comes out
H20 + sunlight + ADP/NADP = ATP/NADPH + O2
Dark Reactions (Calvin-Benson Cycle)
Photosynthesis II:
Doesn’t need sunlight to function; carbon fixation
Basic to remember: Carbon dioxide and energy go in, and glucose comes out
CO2 + ATP/NADPH = Glucose + ADP/NADP
Carbon Fixation
The conversion of a gas to a solid.
Carbon dioxide becomes glucose
Chloroplasts
Found in plant cells. The photosynthesis machine in the plant.
Thylakoids
Found in the chloroplasts. Contain the chlorophyll molecule around its membrane that gives plants their green color.
Chlorophyll
Found in the thylakoid membrane. Captures photons from the sun, giving the needed energy from the electrons to the thylakoid for photosynthesis
