Section 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens when an electrical charge goes through a change in voltage?

A

Energy is transferred.

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2
Q

Where is energy supplied to the charge?

A

At the power source.

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3
Q

When does charge give up this energy?

A

When it falls through any voltage drop in components elsewhere in the cv=ircuit.

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4
Q

The bigger the change in voltage…

A

…the more energy is transferred for a given amount of charge passing through the circuit.

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5
Q

What is voltage?

A

The energy transferred per unit charge passed.

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6
Q

One volt is?

A

One joule per coulomb.

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7
Q

What happens when two insulating objects are rubbed together?

A

They’ll leave a positive charge on and a negative charge on the other.

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8
Q

When you rub a polythene rod with a duster what becomes positively charged and what becomes negatively charged?

A

The polythene rod becomes negatively charged and the duster becomes positively charged.

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9
Q

When you rub a acetate rod with a duster what becomes positively charged and what becomes negatively charged?

A

The acetate rod becomes positively charged and the duster becomes negatively charged.

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10
Q

How can a charged conductor be discharged safely?

A

Connecting it to earth with a metal strap. The electrons flow down the strap to the ground if the charge is negative and flow up the strap is the charge is positive.

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11
Q

What is electric current?

A

The rate of flow of electrical charge.

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12
Q

The greater the charge on an isolated object…

A

…the greater the voltage between it and the Earth.

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13
Q

How can a spark be caused?

A

If the voltage gets big enough, a spark will jump across the gap.

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14
Q

Same charges?

A

Repel.

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15
Q

Opposite charges?

A

Attract.

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16
Q

How can you see whether a material is charged?

A

Using a golf leaf electroscope.

17
Q

Describe the gold leaf electroscope.

A

It has a metal disc connected to a metal rod, at the bottom of which are attached two thin pieces of gold leaf.

18
Q

How does a gold leaf electroscope work?

A

When a rod with a known charge is brought near to the disc of the electroscope, electrons will either be attracted to, or repelled from the metal disc depending on the charge of the rod.

19
Q

What does the charge do to the electroscope?

A

This induces a charge in the metal disc, which in turn induces a charge in the gold leaf. Both gold leaves will have the same charge so they repel, causing them to rise.

20
Q

What happens when the rod is moved away from the electroscope?

A

The gold leaves will discharge and fall again.

21
Q

What is another way of testing whether a rod of material is charged?

A

Suspend a rod with a known charge on a thread and see if there is repulsion or attraction when the rod you’re testing is brought close to it.

22
Q

How can you demonstrate electrostatic charges?

A

Using a Van de Graaff generator.

23
Q

What is a Van de Graaff made up of?

A

A rubber belt moving round plastic rollers underneath a metal dome.

24
Q

How is an electrostatic charge build up on the Van de Graaff?

A

As the belt goes around charge is build up on the metal dome.

25
Q

How do inkjet printers work?

A
  1. Tiny droplets of ink are forced out of a fine nozzle, making them electrically charged.
  2. The droplets are deflected as they pass between two metal plates. A voltage is applied to the plates - one is negative and one is positive.
  3. The droplets are attracted to the plate of the opposite charge and repelled form the plate with the same charge.
  4. The size and direction of the voltage across each plate changes so each droplet is deflected to hit a different place on the paper.
  5. Lots of tiny dos make the printout.
26
Q

How does a photocopier work?

A
  1. The image plate is positively charged. An image of what you’re copying is projected onto it.
  2. Whiter bits of what you’re copying make light fall on the plate and the charge leaks away in those places.
  3. The charged bits attract negatively charged black powder which is transferred onto positively charged paper.
  4. The paper is heated so the powder sticks.
27
Q

What happens when synthetic clothes are dragged over each other or over your head?

A

Electrons get scrapped off, leaving static charges on both parts, and that leads to the inevitable attraction and little shocks as the charges rearrange themselves.

28
Q

How is lightening caused?

A

Raindrops and ice bump together inside storm clouds, knocking off electrons and leaving the top of the cloud positively charged and the bottom of the cloud negative. This creates a huge voltage and a big spark.

29
Q

Why can fuel-filling be dangerous?

A

As fuel flows out of a filler pipe, static can build up which can easily lead to a spark.

30
Q

How are sparks avoided during fuel-filling.

A

Nozzles are made of metal so that the charge is conducted away, instead of building up. It is also goof to have earthing straps between the fuel tank and the fuel pipe.