Section 2 Flashcards
0
Q
Type I reaction
A
- IgE mediated = allergic reactions and anaphylactic reactions
- IgE binds to the surface of mast cells ( this creates a [antigen – antibody complex] that promotes in release of histamine)
- the release of histamine causes;
- allergic asthma
- hayfever
- angioedema (swelling around the head, face, and neck),
- anaphylactic (shock life-threatening emergency)
1
Q
Hypersensitivities
A
Type I
Type II
Type III
Type IV
2
Q
Type II reactions
A
- Antibody mediated = lysis of RBCs in transfusion reactions
- IgG and IgM form (antigen - antibody complexes) with tissue antigens
- subsequent (occurring after) activation, the complement system causes cell lysis (cells are broken down and destroyed)
3
Q
Type lll reactions
A
- Complex mediated = autoimmune diseases of lupus and rheumatoid arthritis
- mediated by immune complexes form insoluble (antigen – antibody complexes) in the blood
- these complexes circulate in our abnormally deposited in the blood vessels and kidney
- these complexes activate the complement system
4
Q
Type IV reactions
A
- Cell mediated = contact dermatitis and poison ivy, the reaction of a TB skin test, and transplant rejection
- delayed hypersensitivity reactions
- T cell is synthesized by antigen creating synthesize lymphocyte
- lymphokines are released on subsequent exposure to different types TYPE IV reactions
5
Q
Type IV reactions
1st type
2nd type
A
1st type
- antigen is too small for elicit reaction - combines with proteins and skin to form larger antigen
Ex - contact dermatitis = poison ivy (itching)
2nd type
- self antigens stimulate killer T cells body turns on itself
Ex - organ transplants rejection
6
Q
Vaccines
A
- They work by stimulating immunity through exposure in to an antigen
- immune response should reactivate quickly when re-exposed to the antigen occurs
- early techniques required the use of actual pathogens such a smallpox
- made from attenuated (weakened) viruses, or dead viruses
7
Q
Autoimmunity
A
- Autoimmune diseases occur when the body turns on itself we see autoimmunity in type III reactions
- there is a familial tendency toward autoimmune diseases so there is a genetic component
8
Q
Alloimmunity
A
- It occurs when the immune response is stimulated in response to the presence of cells from another individual of the same species
- it may occur after an organ transplant the transplant is known as allograft
- it may occur after transfusion of body fluids such as blood
9
Q
AIDS
A
3 slides
10
Q
Anaphylaxis
A
2 slides
11
Q
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
A
4 slides - (m)
12
Q
Rh isoimmunization
A
5 slides (C)
