Section 2 Flashcards
Diffusion of O2 and Co2 between the inspired air and pulmonary capillaries is called?
External Respiration
Diffusion of O2 and Co2 between the capillary red blood cells and the tissue cells is called?
Internal Respiration
Atmospheric pressure is described as?
The pressure of the gas around us
The pressure of the has in the alveoli is called?
Intrapulmonic pressure
The pressure in the pleural space is called?
Intrathoracic pressure
760 mm Hg is the pressure of what?
Atmospheric pressure
Boyle’s Law states….?
as pressure of a gas decreases, its volume expands
What is the definition of Compliance?
The ease with which the lungs and thorax expand during pressure changes
In people who are healthy, the energy needed for normal quiet breathing is about ____% of the total body expenditure.
3
________ is composed of lipoproteins that reduce the surface tension of pulmonary fluids.
Surfactant
The nasal passages cause about____% of the total airway resistance during nose breathing.
50
Name two accessory muscles
scalenes, sternocleidomastoid
At rest the average adult breathes at how many breaths per minute?
12-24
The upper respiratory tract and the lower non-respiratory bronchioles are referred to as?
anatomical dead space
What term refers to the anatomical dead space plus the volume of any nonfunctional alveoli?
Physiological dead space
What is the volume of gas inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath called? What is average volume?
Tidal Volume; 500 mL
How much of the tidal volume remains in the anatomical dead space and never reaches the alveoli?
150 mL
What is the amount of gas that can be forcefully inhaled after inspiration of the normal tidal volume called? What is the volume?
Inspiratory Reserve Volume; 2000 mL
What is the amount of gas that can be forcefully exhaled after expiration of the normal tidal volume called? What is the volume?
Expiratory Reserve Volume; 1200 mL
What is the gas that remains in the respiratory system after forced expiration called?
residual volume
What is the normal residual volume?
1000 mL
Tidal volume + Inspiratory volume =
Inspiratory capacity
Expiratory Reserve + Residual Volume =
Functional Residual Capacity
What is Vital Capacity
The volume of gas that can move on deepest inspiration and expiration; Inspiratory Reserve Volume+ Tidal Volume+Expiratory Reserve Volume
Minute Volume is?
the amount of gas inhaled or exhaled in 1 minute
The amount of inspired gas available for exchange during during 1 minute is called?
minute alveolar ventilation
Formula to find minute alveolar ventilation
Tidal Volume-Dead space x respiratory rate
Nitrogen makes up about ____% of the volume of air
78.62%
Name four atmospheric gases
Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide and Water
In general, the amount of o2 taken up by the capillary blood is (greater/or less) than the amount of Co2 released by the blood to the alveolar gas
Greater
At rest, the combined consuption of all the body cells is about _____mL of o2 per minute
200 mL
What are the two forms o2 is present in the body?
Physically dissolved in the blood (3%) and chemically bound to hemoglobin
What is Hematocrit?
A blood test that measures the proportion of blood volume occupied by red blood cells
Each hemoglobin can carry how many o2 molecules?
4
The response of hemoglobin to changes in pH is called?
Bohr effect
What is the Fick Principle?
The amount of o2 the lungs deliver to the blood is directly related to the amount of o2 the body consumes
What is the state of decreased o2 of arterial blood called?
Hypoxemia
What is the state of decreased o2 at the tissue leveled called?
Hypoxia
The two phrenic nerves responsible for moving the diaphragm originate where?
third, fourth and fifth cervical spinal nerves.
Intercostal nerves originate where?
1-11 thoracic spinal nerves
What reflex limits inspiration and prevents over-inflation of the lungs
Hering-Breuer
