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Airway > Section 2 > Flashcards

Section 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Diffusion of O2 and Co2 between the inspired air and pulmonary capillaries is called?

A

External Respiration

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2
Q

Diffusion of O2 and Co2 between the capillary red blood cells and the tissue cells is called?

A

Internal Respiration

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3
Q

Atmospheric pressure is described as?

A

The pressure of the gas around us

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4
Q

The pressure of the has in the alveoli is called?

A

Intrapulmonic pressure

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5
Q

The pressure in the pleural space is called?

A

Intrathoracic pressure

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6
Q

760 mm Hg is the pressure of what?

A

Atmospheric pressure

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7
Q

Boyle’s Law states….?

A

as pressure of a gas decreases, its volume expands

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8
Q

What is the definition of Compliance?

A

The ease with which the lungs and thorax expand during pressure changes

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9
Q

In people who are healthy, the energy needed for normal quiet breathing is about ____% of the total body expenditure.

A

3

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10
Q

________ is composed of lipoproteins that reduce the surface tension of pulmonary fluids.

A

Surfactant

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11
Q

The nasal passages cause about____% of the total airway resistance during nose breathing.

A

50

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12
Q

Name two accessory muscles

A

scalenes, sternocleidomastoid

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13
Q

At rest the average adult breathes at how many breaths per minute?

A

12-24

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14
Q

The upper respiratory tract and the lower non-respiratory bronchioles are referred to as?

A

anatomical dead space

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15
Q

What term refers to the anatomical dead space plus the volume of any nonfunctional alveoli?

A

Physiological dead space

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16
Q

What is the volume of gas inhaled or exhaled during a normal breath called? What is average volume?

A

Tidal Volume; 500 mL

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17
Q

How much of the tidal volume remains in the anatomical dead space and never reaches the alveoli?

A

150 mL

18
Q

What is the amount of gas that can be forcefully inhaled after inspiration of the normal tidal volume called? What is the volume?

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume; 2000 mL

19
Q

What is the amount of gas that can be forcefully exhaled after expiration of the normal tidal volume called? What is the volume?

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume; 1200 mL

20
Q

What is the gas that remains in the respiratory system after forced expiration called?

A

residual volume

21
Q

What is the normal residual volume?

A

1000 mL

22
Q

Tidal volume + Inspiratory volume =

A

Inspiratory capacity

23
Q

Expiratory Reserve + Residual Volume =

A

Functional Residual Capacity

24
Q

What is Vital Capacity

A

The volume of gas that can move on deepest inspiration and expiration; Inspiratory Reserve Volume+ Tidal Volume+Expiratory Reserve Volume

25
Q

Minute Volume is?

A

the amount of gas inhaled or exhaled in 1 minute

26
Q

The amount of inspired gas available for exchange during during 1 minute is called?

A

minute alveolar ventilation

27
Q

Formula to find minute alveolar ventilation

A

Tidal Volume-Dead space x respiratory rate

28
Q

Nitrogen makes up about ____% of the volume of air

A

78.62%

29
Q

Name four atmospheric gases

A

Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon dioxide and Water

30
Q

In general, the amount of o2 taken up by the capillary blood is (greater/or less) than the amount of Co2 released by the blood to the alveolar gas

A

Greater

31
Q

At rest, the combined consuption of all the body cells is about _____mL of o2 per minute

A

200 mL

32
Q

What are the two forms o2 is present in the body?

A

Physically dissolved in the blood (3%) and chemically bound to hemoglobin

33
Q

What is Hematocrit?

A

A blood test that measures the proportion of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

34
Q

Each hemoglobin can carry how many o2 molecules?

A

4

35
Q

The response of hemoglobin to changes in pH is called?

A

Bohr effect

36
Q

What is the Fick Principle?

A

The amount of o2 the lungs deliver to the blood is directly related to the amount of o2 the body consumes

37
Q

What is the state of decreased o2 of arterial blood called?

A

Hypoxemia

38
Q

What is the state of decreased o2 at the tissue leveled called?

A

Hypoxia

39
Q

The two phrenic nerves responsible for moving the diaphragm originate where?

A

third, fourth and fifth cervical spinal nerves.

40
Q

Intercostal nerves originate where?

A

1-11 thoracic spinal nerves

41
Q

What reflex limits inspiration and prevents over-inflation of the lungs

A

Hering-Breuer

Airway (2 decks)

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